Issues of grandparents raising grandchildren Essay

Abstract This paper explores research regarding the impacts on grandparents and grandchildren when the grandparent assumes the parental role because of some type of parental fall through. The articles find that the financial aspect of raising grandchildren in your later years is quite costly as well is the negative health problems the stress of the situation can cause. This paper mainly looks at Baldock’s (2007) research on the affects of every aspect of the new situation on the grandparents and grandchildren. Baldock (2007) and the other research used for this paper all suggest that there are multiple struggles that the grandparents will endure when raising their grandchildren. Issues of Grandparents Raising Grandchildren The clichà © life of a grandparent is usually thought of as taking the grandchildren to the zoo, baking cookies, and making crafts. Grandparents are also around to share their wisdom and experiences with the younger generation, however in today’s society the amount of grandparents having to take in their grandchildren due to an issue in the biological parents’ lives has been on the increase for years (Baldock, 2007, p. 70). This change of role for the grandparents can have various affects on not only the grandparents but the grandchildren as well. There are many reasons as to why grandparents come into the situation where they need to take their grandchildren into their care such as teenage pregnancy, parental abuse, and parental drug and alcohol abuse. No matter how the grandparents come into obtaining their grandchildren each family have their own types of struggles they will have to deal with. Both the grandparents and grandchildren can go through multiple financial, health, and behavioral issues that can either bring the family out on top or hurt them, but many are choosing to overcome the difficulties and persevere through them. Literature Review There are many troubles in today’s society with drugs, alcohol, and violence, all which are just a few of the reasons that many parents become unable to properly care for their children. These and many other circumstances are which have led to â€Å"approximately 2.4 million grandparents [being] responsible for raising their grandchildren, many in households without the parents present.† (Poehlmann et al., 2008, 165) The decision to undertake the responsibility of raising your grandchildren is a big one to make, however many times there is no decision to make because the children would end up in the foster care system if it weren’t for the grandparents. In a study completed in Australia about grandparent run homes, â€Å"of the 31,000 children living with their grandparents, 28,700 children’s biological parents lived elsewhere.† (Baldock, 2007, p. 71) This can make the strain of raising your grandchild even more difficult because of the emotional and financial burdens it may cause. Health Quality of Custodial Grandparents There have been various studies in which they have found that grandparents who take care of their grandchildren have mental and physical aspects of themselves that are in a disarray (Neely-Barnes, Graft, & Washington, 2010, p. 87). The role of being a custodial grandparent is difficult not only because it is a new situation which they need to adjust to, but it can also cause physical and mental problems. The situation cause a lot of new emotions and stressors that â€Å"numerous studies have documented elevated rates of depression, parenting stress, health problem, and economic hardship among custodial grandparents.† (Poehlmann et al., 2008, p. 168) Many grandparents are well in their sixty’s and so â€Å"when the children arrive, grandparents are unlikely to be prepared for the dramatic and often sudden changes caused by unplanned parenthood.† (Baldock, 2007, p. 73) The grandparents generally see an increase in health related problems because they are put into a situation where they need to focus on the care of their grandchildren which leads to the grandparents’ health and well-being coming second and in which â€Å"custodial grandparents report worse self-assessed health than noncaregiving grandparents, particularly in the areas of physical functioning, bodily pain, role functioning, social functioning, and general health perception.† (Neely-Barn es et al., 2010, p. 88) Not only are the grandparents not being able to properly maintain their own health, but â€Å"among custodial grandparents, higher levels of depression have been found among unmarried grandparents who were not working.† (p. 88) This new parenting role that the grandparents are put into also effects their social life; â€Å"in one study, half of custodial grandparents reported that they felt isolated from friends in their age group due to their caregiving responsibilities.† (p. 88) Grandparents usually feel worn out by the amount of extra responsibilities they have come to take on which can make them feel worried when they think about having many more years of having to take care of their grandchildren. This type of constant worrying and stress can become quite a negative thing both for the grandparent and grandchild because â€Å"grandparents who are stressed are more likely to become depressed.† (Baldock, 2007, p. 73) Financials When grandparents are put into the situation of bringing their grandchildren into their care, one of the most difficult issues they have to deal with is the financial aspect of raising the children. The financial aspect of raising the grandchildren can be so hard to handle because many of the grandparents are older and even retired which means limited income. â€Å"In around one third of grandparent families (34%), one of both grandparents were employed, while 62% received a government pension, allowance or other benefit as their primary income.† (Baldock, 2007, p. 71) Children are expensive to raise because of the extra clothing, food, and home resources that are used. The grandparents are used to and comfortable with their current lifestyle and then when the unexpected young grandchildren are brought into the picture this can make the once sufficient income turn into financial instability. Grandparents going through legal proceedings can also be another reason finances are put into a bind when the need to take in your grandchildren is needed because â€Å"grandparents are commonly ineligible for legal aid and consequently face disadvantage in proceedings† (Baldock, 2007, p. 72). One way that is used to try to gain some type of extra income for the grandchildren is by â€Å"formalising their parenting role through legal proceedings [which] can be the only way grandparents are able to access financial support.† (p. 72) The cost of providing for their grandchildren and all of the court related procedures needed to be done becomes such a burden that â€Å"some grandparents have mortgaged their homes to undertake legal proceedings.† (p. 72) Impacts on the Family The result of custodial grandparents not only effects just the grandparents and grandchildren, but the whole family. The strain of raising grandchildren can be felt in the children of the grandparents â€Å"some felt resentful that their parent’s energy was going into raising their grandchildren and their own children missed out on a relationship with their grandparents.† (Baldock, 2007, p. 72) In many families the reason that the grandparents need to raise their grandchildren is due to some type of addiction from the birth parents. This drug use can cause emotional and social problems in the grandparents and grandchildren which can make the â€Å"grandparents†¦feel blamed or express a sense of responsibility for their own children’s drug use.†(p. 73) Grandparents often feel as though there was something they could have done to prevent their children’s drug abuse which in turn would have prevented the need for them to raise their grandchildren. This feeling of â€Å"blame and shame exacerbate social isolation and increase psychological anxiety experienced by grandparents and their grandchildren.† (p. 73) The effects on the grandchildren of not having their parent or parents around is difficult to for them to cope with because â€Å"children separated from their parents because of alcohol and other drugs frequently face psychological, emotional and sometimes physical problems.† (Baldock, 2007, p. 71) According to Day and Bazemore (2011: children living without their biological parents typically present with high rates of psychological problems. Yet, by comparison, adolescents living with grandparent caregivers have the lowest levels of both ‘internalizing problems’ (i.e. depressive symptoms, negative outlook, low self-esteem), and ‘externalizing problems’ (i.e. nonviolent delinquency, general violent tendencies, and substance abuse.† (p. 103) Position I have first hand experience in the struggles and issues that can arise from a grandparent having to put their lives on hold and take in their grandchildren in order to provide them a loving and stable home. My parents are currently in the process of adopting my two nephews whom they, as well as myself, have taken care of since they were born. My sister is in a rehabilitation program in Northern New Jersey for addiction to pills, cocaine, and heroin and has been in and out of trouble since her early teens. Growing up the way I did because of the situations and conditions that my sister made my family endure has shown me just how difficult and numerous the issues are when raising your grandchildren. My mother is sixty years old and my father is sixty-two, both having some health problems. Health problems associated with age can have a significant affect on how the grandparents are going to be able to act in their new role as caregivers because many grandparents are older and their health is declining. Taking care of a six and a nine year old can be mentally and physically exhausting. My nephews have many psychological issues because their mother is gone and father is hardly around, these emotional troubles of my nephews also effect me and parents too. My nephews have ADHD and are quite sensitive which makes it even more difficult to calm them down if they are feeling upset or angry because they are missing their mother. I find the emotional impact it has on the children and family to be the greatest because of my experience in knowing how difficult is to cope with the entire situation. The financial responsibility for taking grandchildren in can be quite detrimental to the grandparents because many are retired or only working part-time in order to make a little extra money. My father is retired which has made the raising of two new children quite difficult before they received any assistance from the state. While most families receive financial assistance through state and federal aid, there may be certain circumstances in which a family has to come up with the money themselves. Grandparents know how expensive children are because of their past experience in raising their own children, however times have changed and the cost of raising children has significantly increased. This financial burden put onto the grandparents is not a choice they make, but rather something they just have to endure because there is no other option for the grandchildren. Afterthoughts It is obvious that grandparents who have to bring their grandchildren into their home and raise them because of varying circumstances will inevitably face numerous amount of hardships and issues. The grandparents being older makes the task of raising their grandchildren difficult, along with the cost involved in raising them and the legal proceedings that are done in order to protect the children. While the hardships of custodial grandparents is plenty, many â€Å"who have attended support groups say that it has made a positive difference in their lives† (Baldock, 2007, p.73), which can help them to cope with the new situations they are being placed in. Even though raising grandchildren comes with multiple and varying issues that make it difficult to do, â€Å"grandparents who are raising their grandchildren consistently report that the experience adds joy and meaning to their lives and provides them with companionship and a purposeful social and familial role.† (Kropf ; Burnette, 2003, p. 363)

Negotiation Strategy Analysis

The first article is retrieved from Bloomberg. com â€Å"Saudi Oil Tanker Owners in Negotiations with Pirates† where the Saudi Arabian supertanker hijacked off the coast of Somalia. The supertanker belongs to Saudi Arabia's state-owned shipping line, Vela International Marine Ltd. The negotiation is between the pirates that have captured the Sirius Star and the owners of the Saudi Arabian supertanker. The pirates have the advantage in the negotiation because they have the 25 crew with different nationalities as hostage, and the tanker carrying more than 2 million barrels of crude oil worth $110 million. Saudi Arabia is unlikely considering an armed response because it may endanger the crew, and would require a great deal of international agreement and cooperation. The ship is carrying Liberian flag, owned by a Saudi company, in Somali waters, with so many nationalities onboard. The owners have to pay ransom money for the safe delivery of the supertanker. The hijackers can actually force the owners into paying large ransom money (Alexander, & Krause, November 19, 2008). The second article is retrieved from the Eagle Tribune: â€Å"Fate of Detroit's Big 3 will trickle down locally†, where the CEO's of the big three automakers, General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler have united to lobby Congress for a 25 billion loan. The negotiation is between the big three automaker companies and the government. The arguments is if their companies goes under, and one of them declared bankruptcy, an estimates of as high as 2. 5 million U. S jobs losses and more than 730,000 workers will be unemployed. This is a pressure tactic utilized to force the government to give the $25 billion loan (Kirk, November 26, 2008). The two negotiation articles describe a negotiation situation that employs different negotiation strategies. The first article, the pirates uses distributive bargaining strategy which is characterized by mistrust and suspicion, designed to beat the other party (Lewicki, Saunders, & Barry, 2006). The pirates have the advantage over the owner by intimidating or threatening to eradicate the crew and the supertanker. While on the other hand, the three car automakers and the government uses integrative negotiation strategy which is characterized by openness and trust, designed to achieve the best possible solution for all parties involve (Lewicki, Saunders, & Barry, 2006). The US government cannot be forced to provide a loan to the three auto companies, the only possible way to persuade them of giving $25 billion dollars to the three automakers is the possibility of loss of millions of jobs and the increase of unemployment in the event the automakers goes under or declared bankruptcy. The comparison between the two situations is both negotiation disputes are used to influence the other party to part with money. The first scenario is the owners of the supertanker, and the US government on the second scenario. In both scenarios, the stand taken by the negotiators is â€Å"pay or otherwise†. Each situation involved, terms, counter offers, and demands placed by the parties from which the payment is claimed.

The List of All U.S Colleges With a Business Administration and Management Major

In America’s capitalist economy, being able to make money is key. If you can sell something, whether it be an idea, a product, a service, you-name-it, you have the opportunity to accumulate wealth and be financially successful. A Business Administration and Management major centers around teaching students how to do just that–sell things, profitably. Regardless of whether you’re a burgeoning entrepreneur, taking over a family business, or striving to be a top executive at the next big corporation, a Business Administration and Management, or simply â€Å"Business† major has a lot to offer you. However, before you go calculating revenues and subtracting the costs, you need to get accepted into a university that has a Business major. Which colleges in the U.S. have a Business major? Read on to find out. Majoring in Business is a great stepping stone for anyone who wants to enter the corporate or small business world. A Business major itself is general enough to where you will gain the tools to be whatever you want, whether it be an entrepreneur, an investment banking analyst, or even an advertising guru. In some business schools, you get to specialize in a specific field of business that will teach you all of the basics to get you started in a corporate career. Moreover, many business schools in the United States tend to have more connections and even funding than the general university. By pursuing a business major, you may have more opportunities to network with and interview with big-name companies. This could really help to boost your career and widen your professional network. Regardless of what major you are pursuing, colleges are impressed with candidates who have taken on and succeeded with a heavy academic and extracurricular load. It shows the admissions office that the student can handle the rigor and pressure of a college education. Thus, if you want to stand out from the pack, the first and most obvious place you should look is your academic and extracurricular profile. doesn’t recommend that you take on so many advanced courses and time-consuming extracurriculars that you get stressed out and crack under the pressure. Instead, engage with as many Honors/IB/AP courses that you feel comfortable with and try to make an impact in the extracurricular activities you are passionate about. The key is to do things and take classes that you would genuinely enjoy. If you enjoy what you’re doing, it won’t feel like work! Now, if you’re looking to pursue a Business major, you might consider tailoring your academic and extracurricular profile towards things that would help you in that major. This means enrolling in advanced courses that are necessary for every Business major like Calculus, Statistics, and Economics. It means joining extracurriculars like Future Business Leaders of America, MockTrial, Speech and Debate, and other activities that Business majors are likely to be involved in. It also means going above and beyond to try and gain leadership positions in these organizations and, more generally, make a lasting impact in whatever activity you are a part of. Each college approaches the Business major a little bit differently. For example, some colleges let you specialize in a specific area of business like Marketing or Finance, whereas others require you to pursue a more general Business Administration degree. If you think you want to specialize, make sure you do the research to ensure that you are applying to colleges that will allow you to do that. Also, most business programs have heavy recruitment initiatives in industries that are located close by. For instance, Berkeley has great access to recruitment from San Francisco tech startups, whereas UCLA has great access to the entertainment industry. Thus, you should aim to apply to schools that are likely to have connections in your industry of interest. It will definitely help you out once you apply for those coveted summer internships and, of course, your first post-grad job. Of course, all of these things will require a lot of research into what each business program entails. If you’re in 9th or 10th grade and you think you might need help doing this research, consider joining ’s Early Advising Program. Through this program, you’ll be able to work one-on-one with a mentor who attended a top college in Business Administration. They’ll give you sound advice and help you with all aspects of your academic and extracurricular profile, including the aforementioned college research. On the other hand, if you are a Junior in high school, we have a specific program just for you.   Our College Strategy Program focuses on helping you build your high school resume during this pivotal high school year and position yourself for college admissions success. Using our exclusive chancing engine, this program helps you create a strong school list based on your interests and your chances of acceptance. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Wondering how you can set up your academic and extracurricular resume to be competitive for a Business Major? 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The Resilience of a Firm - Effect of Hope, Stress and Adaptive Humour Research Paper

The Resilience of a Firm - Effect of Hope, Stress and Adaptive Humour - Research Paper Example Various studies indicate that people have three main reactions to shortcomings depending on their levels of resilience; first, they make breakdown psychologically, physically and emotionally, and lose their capacity to move ahead by accepting their poor predicament. Secondly, they may suffer a temporary setback, but recover later after a short period and continue as they were before the setback. In the last group and the most favourable, people suffer temporary setback, and use the lessons learnt from the shortcoming to advance in the area that was hit by the setback. It is this last group that benefits individuals, companies, communities and countries since not only does it recover from setbacks, but does so in a better state than the previous one. Studies have shown that this group uses various combinations of hope and adaptive humour to deal with stress, boost resilience and overcome any setbacks (Luthans, 2002; Abel, 2002; Zellars, Justice and Beck, 2011). Luthans (2002: 701) ass erts that though confidence has been widely acclaimed as having a positive effect on resilience, hope also plays a central role in employee behavior towards challenges at the workplace. In the quest to achieve and sustain a competitive edge in a volatile market, the management of firms should cultivate positivity at both micro and macro levels, to ensure that employee perceptions are in line with the general perceptions in the firm. The only way to encourage the adoption of positive organizational behavior in the firm is by instilling positive psychological approaches to employees and their supervisors. According to Luthans (2002), hope keeps the firm going even when market conditions seem so bleak that the firm is more likely to collapse than survive. This hope is what enables companies to carry on despite poor economic conditions, and the firms survive to thrive in times when the economy takes a turn for the better. According to Abel (2002), a person’s sense of humour plays a central role in determining one’s choice of coping strategies in response to stressful situations; a higher sense of humour recuses the perception of stress, and a person has the capacity to take a better approach to handle stress. Abel’s study (2002: 373) revealed that high humour individuals adopt constructive approaches to stressful situations including comforting coping, distancing, seeking social support, self-control, planful problem solving and positive reappraisal. On the other hand, low humour individuals adopt destructive approaches that may end up aggravating the problem and its effects; these approaches include avoidance and escapism. Therefore, the writer illustrates that a high sense of humour is a preferable trait in employees since it gives them a higher resilience to stressful situations and gives the firm better chances of bouncing back. Zellars, Justice and Beck (2011: 21) recommend that management should stop ignoring the research that links humo ur to the development and sustenance of individual and group resilience.

The EU as a Diplomatic Actor in Recent Conflicts Essay

The EU as a Diplomatic Actor in Recent Conflicts - Essay Example When America appeared to disregard even a consensus on the matter, EU came out with a view that, 'the European Union does not support a war on Iraq without the backing of the United Nations' (Reuters, 2003). A team of weapon inspectors was on a 'fact finding mission in Iraq', but America appeared to eager to strike and was in no mood to wait for their report. On the other hand the European Union together with governments from other parts of the world wanted to have a firm proof for punishing Iraq. After the 9/11 attacks, US appeared desperate to take on the terror outfits. Iraq and Afghanistan were the first in the firing line. UK, an important partner of EU, having good relations with US as well, formed the backbone of support for US policies. The official stand of European Union on the other hand was to start off the attacks after debating the issue and seeking a sanction from UN. But the moot point is, to what extent the European diplomacy was in action. The Maastricht Treaty of 1 992 was instrumental in coming out with a common foreign and security policy (CFSP) for the European Union (Bruter, 1999). This implied that the 'Union' will have a unanimous opinion about an issue. But the factual position has been somewhat different. The CFSP appeared in some common declarations only and not on issues involving diplomatic rows. It is worthwhile here to mention that the European Union and CFSP appeared to provide a semblance of unanimity on paper, but on the surface, the interests of nations forming part of the union forces them to take different stand on a range of issues. Anderson (2001) lists out factors like, lack of participation or concern by the Member States; perceived competition between the Commission and the Member States; inconsistent Member State positions; and slowness as the reasons for the EU not being able to come out with effective and unanimous stands. The Iraq war happened to be one such issue on which the EU could not come out with a strong and unanimous view. The official statement from EU on Iraq is that1, "The EU is committed to working with Iraq and international partners in order to bring about a secure, stable, unified, democratic and prosperous Iraq." But the actual implementation of this commitment is yet to be seen. While on a visit to Greece after the war started in Iraq, the UN Secretary General Mr. Kofi Annan also called upon the EU leaders to come out with a common stand on the issue of Iraq (Barringer and Bruni, 2003). Once the war on Iraq was declared by the US and allied forces, on the basis of 'concrete proof', it appeared irreversible. But as days went by, it was all too apparent that the 'proof' that were being used as an alibi for initiating the attacks were nowhere visible on the surface. Even the so-called 'weapons of mass-destructions' were nowhere to be seen. This resulted in protests in UK and USA against the excesses being committed in Iraq. Today, even after executing Saddam Husain and thousands of deaths the WMDs are still proving to be illusionary. On the other hand the war has become a trap for US and allied forces; now they are finding it difficult to come out of it. Realising the differences in opinions of world leaders in general, UN Secretary General, Mr Kofi Annan said, "No issue has so divided the world since the end of the Cold

Do Catheter Washouts Extend Patency Time in Long-term Indwelling Essay

Do Catheter Washouts Extend Patency Time in Long-term Indwelling Urethral Catheters - Essay Example Bladder washouts do not have to be carried out all the time, however they may be essential when there is a significant amount of sedimentation in the urine; and in treating urinary tract infections. In this process, about 60 mls of water is usually introduced into the catheter gently via a syringe; the syringe is then removed and the catheter end is drained into a container. The procedure is repeated until 500 mls of water is used. This topic was chosen because of the growing interest of the impact of catheterization on long-term care patients and on practices which can be used to minimize the negative impact of catheterization. It is relevant to my future practice as a nurse because it would provide me with evidence on the importance of carrying out catheter washouts on patients under long-term care. This aspect of practice personally interests me because I have often encountered long-term care patients under catheterization and I have always been interested in finding ways to impro ve the quality of their lives. Evidence based practice Evidence-based practice is defined by Sackett, et.al., (1996) as the explicit and effective use of current and most appropriate evidence in health care decisions on individual patients. It also means incorporating individual clinical skills with the most appropriate clinical proof from research. Evidence-based practice is basically about getting the patient the best care possible, as proven by evidence, and according to his needs and preferences (Manzoukas, 2006). It also helps ensure that the knowledge of the nurses are up to date, that it supports clinical judgments, and can reduce time in considering appropriate care (Drisko, 2010). There are various forms of evidence which can be utilized including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, case series/case reports, and editorials/expert opinion (University of Illinois, 2006). Not all evidence in this case is research base, most e specially in cases of editorials and expert opinion where the weight of the evidence is based on the skill and the authority of the practitioner. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Professional Conduct describes the specific duties of nurses. It also specifies that nurses have the responsibility of providing a high standard of care for patients at all times, and this includes providing â€Å"care based on the best available evidence or best practice† (NMC, 2009, p. 16). These provisions form the legal and practice-based support for the evidence-based care required of nurses. Evidence can therefore be used in this case in order to establish whether or not carrying out catheter washouts would extend the patency of catheters among long-term care patients. Moreover, evidence can be used to determine if these washouts would improve the care of catheterized long-term care patients. Literature review Various studies have been carried out on the current topic under study . Hagen, Sinclair, and Cross (2010) carried out their study in order to establish if some specific washout regimens are better than others in relation to effectiveness, acceptability, and quality of life. About five trials were able to meet the inclusion criteria covering 242 patients in two cross-over and three parallel-group randomised control trials. After witling down the studies based on the inclusion criteria, authors reported that there is no difference between the different washout solutions, however these results were not sufficient to support the conclusions.

Should Public Schools Offer Single Sex Instruction Essay

Should Public Schools Offer Single Sex Instruction - Essay Example However, such efforts were futile until in 2001 following re-authorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA).  This re-authorization of the ESEA came in the form of the No Child Left  Behind (NCLB) ACT of 2001 (Bixler, 2005). The purpose of the NCLB was to elevate achievement and bridge gaps in achievement. Table of Contents Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 2 The Controversy 3 The Case for Single Gender Instruction 5 The Case against Single Gender Instruction 7 Conclusion 9 Introduction Gender prejudice in education is a menacing predicament that causes only the minority of individuals to confront it or take notice. The losers of this prejudice have been educated to be passive and silent, and are consequently reluctant to stand up and confront the unjust treatment they received. Educators are by and large ignorant of their own prejudiced instructional conduct because they are merely instructing how they were educated, and the delicate gender discrimination found in instructional materials are frequently overlooked (Davis, 2002). Boys and girls today are getting unequal and separate educations as a result of the gender socialization that occurs in schools. Unless educators are enlightened over gender-role socialization, as well as the prejudiced messages they are inadvertently imparting to their students daily, and until educators are presented with the resources and methods requisite to abolish gender bias in their schools and classrooms, girls will go on with receiving an unbalanced education (Sultana, Lazim, & Sohaimi, 2011). This paper posits to investigate whether public schools should offer single-sex instruction with a focus on supporting single-sex instruction. The Controversy The U.S. Department of Education in March 2004, published review regulations that were intended to govern the operation of the single-sex schools or classes. The regulations stipulated that: a) Coeducational schools that would operate singl e-sex classes should present  an underlying principle for the classes. b) They were obliged to offer either single-sex classes for the unattended gender or coeducational classes in the same subject matter at the same school. c) They were obliged to perform  periodic reviews to establish if the environment still rendered the single-sex classes necessary. Several studies exhibit that the momentum for single gender instruction in both contexts affected the curriculum, pedagogy, and organization in each school, as well as the educators’ ideologies concerning gender. Ultimately, the politics around the legislation, as well as the resource interest of school and district administration, and the absence of institutional support for the gender-based reform merged to structure the downfall of the majority of the single gender schools. In the present day, perhaps increasingly aggressively than before, the public schools are beleaguered for apparently failing to enforce academic rig or. These schools are also under pressure for allegedly contributing to the moribund societal, moral values. In rejoinder to these issues, several policy makers have pressed for the development of school choice in the public school structure. In recent times, the choice proponents have embraced single gender ins

Hca Hospital Corporation of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hca Hospital Corporation of America - Essay Example Indirect competition from companies that produce cheaper substitutes also encourages the business to grow otherwise it will be pushed out of the market. The desire by organisations to enjoy economies of scale in terms of management, purchases, production, marketing among other forces them to expand which guarantees them saving due to bulk purchase of materials, spreading of overheads, higher bargaining power and expert management (Kazanjian & Drazin, 2009). Increase in demand for the products that a company manufactures also contributes to the motivation of a firm to grow in order to meet the growing demand for its products and services. Prestige and power that comes with managing big firms may also motivate the management to expand their organisations (Kumar, 2010). In addition, government policy in some countries, especially the planned economies requires business to operate under certain rules and regulations. Businesses may grow in order for them to meet these regulations and enj oy the quotas, subsidies and incentives that the government gives to businesses. With the controversies that have surrounded Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), the company need to review its growth strategies to ensure it redeems its image and to put it in a constant path of growth. In coming up with the most effective strategies for growth, the company need to consider and follow the following steps. First, the company should plan about its growth strategies in order to for them to focus on meeting the customers’ needs and showing the corporations ability to meet them. Health care corporation of America manages a number of hospitals and medical centres in unites states and in united kingdom which provide general and specialised medical services to its clients. In planning, the hospital should put into consideration the various specific needs of the clients and employees in the countries and in different departments. The plan should be client focussed clearly detailing th e goals, strategies, and tactics that will be used and a specific timeline within which the goals will be achieved. The timeline should set aside time for training and mentoring employees to the organisational culture and best practises in the field of health care. The plan should also include the methods that the company intend to use in training, coaching and measuring the progress of the employees. Including staff in coming up with a strategy by allowing their input at the appropriate level will enable the management to obtain their commitment and accountability to the organisation. The employees should be engaged in customer-focussed tactics that will ensure the corporation attracts new customers and retains the old ones. Role playing and scripting among employees will also be important, as it will give the employees a chance to test their newly learned skills. The corporation should provide mentorship programs by pairing new employees with old experienced employees. As a way of boosting morale among employees, the corporation should adopt some measuring and rewarding mechanisms in its growth strategy. Compensation and reward programs, staff development and training should be aligned with activities and results of staff involved in improving customer experience in the corporation; this will be to boost the morale of the staff to offer their best to

Personal Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal Philosophy of Education - Essay Example Personal Philosophy of Education I have been associated with the profession of teaching for quite some time now. Over the years, I have developed myself as a teacher. Today, when I reflect back at my teaching experience, I see a radical improvement not only in my style of teaching, but also in my overall persona. I attribute this to the development and refinement of my philosophy of education that has happened as a result of my years of teaching. I see teaching as a way of spreading information, awareness, and enlightenment in the society with a view to contributing positively to the development of the nation, and getting spiritual, psychological, and emotional satisfaction and gratification from it. Worldview or Philosophy of Life People’s worldviews are influenced primarily by their religious beliefs. The worldview of an atheist is fundamentally different from that of a monotheist. While the worldviews of monotheists and polytheists are also substantially different from each other, yet they are similar at least to the extent that both believe in the existence of an other world that is beyond the reach and sight of the human beings for a certain time. Religion happens to be the main source of guidance and influence in terms of worldview because it provides the most radical and sensible explanation of what life is all about. Metaphysics Since I believe in God, I believe that whatever I do in this world will have an impact on what I get in the world hereafter. My future in the world hereafter depends upon my performance in this world; the extent to which I remain noble, just, and fair will depict whether I deserve reward or punishment as a result of my deeds in the world hereafter. The concept of the impact of the deeds performed in this world upon the life hereafter motivates me to be good to others and sacrifice many pleasures in this world. The profession of teaching in this perspective is a very noble profession in that it provides me with the opportu nity to spread knowledge and light in the society, to empower the society by empowering the students and particularly the young generation from the standpoint of knowledge as well as morally. This is a just and respectable way of earning money because an individual gets to contribute positively to the society in compensation. My worldview implies that I do my duty with uttermost honesty and sincerity. This requires delivering as much knowledge to the students as I can without differentiating among the students on the basis of their factors of diversity. Some teachers teach for spiritual purposes. â€Å"This spirituality – evident in their teaching behaviors, their values, and their beliefs – often bore themes of transcendence and transformation† (Irvine, 2003, p. 13). I also approach my profession as a way of spiritual rejuvenation and personal enhancement, identifying my weaknesses and trying to transform them into strengths. Although I am a teacher, yet I am a human being also. My knowledge might be more in the subject I am teaching compared to that of my students, but there is also a limit to my knowledge. Occasionally, students ask such brilliant questions that even I do not know their answers. At those times, my perception of having a more powerful status as a teacher compared to the status of my students and my desire to maintain that status inculcates a desire

Research Proposal PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Proposal - PowerPoint Presentation Example A nurse practitioner is a qualified nurse who has additional education and specialization in some particular area. In the USA, NPs must have a master’s degree minimum and 500 to 1,000 hours of training; the education of NPs is guided by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (Rough, 2009). Traditionally, NPs work as doctor supplements providing services which extend services provided by GPs. Now more and more NPs start working as doctor substitutes, having rights to independently provide a wide range of services, usually provided by GPs. The aim of such shift of the NPs role mainly is to address current GPs shortage and to reduce cost of health care services (Dierick-van Daele et al., 2008). The doctor-nurse substitution is much debated in professional literature and in the press; a number of important problems related to permissibility, practicability and efficiency of this innovation have been studied during the last decade. This document presents a proposal for a p iece of research which is aimed to explore the differences between patients’ satisfaction with services provided by NPs in comparison with patients’ satisfaction with services provided by GPs in primary care. In addition, we intend to explore factors influencing on the differences in patients’ satisfaction. We hope that our study will promote an effective process of NPs’ and GPs’ skill mix and substitution and make a contribution in positive changes in the US health system at a whole. Problem Statement The tendency to hire nurse practitioners as a substitute for doctors has intensified during last years. Rough (2009, para.4) cites the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), which estimated that from 2004 to 2009 the number of NPs in the United States has increased by about 40 per cent, amounting to 125,000. Dierick-van Daele et al. (2008) consider four main reasons of the current demand for NPs: â€Å"(1) to overcome a shortage of doctors in particular settings; (2) to improve the quality of care; (3) to advance the career of nurses; and (4) to lower health care costs by employing the ‘lowest cost provider’† (p.481). Many experts agree that today’s nurses may work well not only as doctor supplements, but also as doctor substitutes, in particular in primary care. According to the recent research, from 25% to 70% of GP’s work might be successfully fulfilled by nurses (Laurant, Reeves, Hermens, Braspenning, Grol and Sibbald, 2007). This includes a wide range of activity from diagnosing, testing and prescribing medication to health promotion and routine management of chronic diseases. In several countries and the US states the shift in NPs’ status is supported by legislation, allowing NPs to work independently in various health care fields, including such specific ones as family practice, psychiatry, women health, pediatrics etc. However, there is a certain controversy in the medic al community, as some experts argue about significant risks related to the independent work of NPs in primary care, such as misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. For example, the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners and the American Medical Association hold the opinion that NPs should work only in collaboration with GPs (Rough, 2009). Young

General Motors Essay Example for Free

General Motors Essay General Motors Corp., commonly known as GM, is an iconic American corporation. It was the world’s largest automobile manufacturer from 1931 to 2008. GM was a winner in the automobile market until 2005, when it reported a net loss of more than $10 billion and continued to post annual losses since that time. During 2005 to 2007, the stock price slight increased until it disclosed its huge deferred tax assets. Since then GM’s stock price continued dropping and reached at a low of $1.45 per share on March 6, 2009. On March 4,2009, Deloitte Touche issued an unqualified opinion with a going-on concern paragraph on GM’s 2008 financial statements. GM received $13.4 billion in government loans in December 2008 and has requested another $16.6 billion. In April 2009, a restructuring plan was created to save GM. On June 1, 2009, GM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. A new GM, known as General Motors Co., was created under the terms of bankruptcy plan. General Motors Co. began its operations on July 10,2009. In November 2010, GM went public with an initial public offering that raised $23.1 billion. This time, Deloitte did not make reference to going-on concern on GM’s 2010’s financial reporting. Discussion Questions 1. From Exhibit 1, we can see that since 2005, GM is suffering from losses and it had negative cash flows from operations except for 2007. In 2006, its total assets shrank nearly 60% from $476,078 million to $186,182 million. However, in my opinion, 2005 is not the sign of GM’s impending financial distress. It is in 2007 when it disclosed its huge deferred tax assets, which made the stock price dropped abruptly. And it is also in 2007 when the company’s net losses reached at $38,732 million. The huge deferred tax assets and constant huge losses make me consider that GM may encounter big financial distress in the following years. 2. Auditors should consider the following things in evaluating potential going-on concern uncertainties. (1) Consideration of conditions and events such as negative trends of operating losses, working capital deficiencies, negative cash flows, adverse key financial ratios. (2) Consideration of management’s plan such as plans to dispose assets, plans to borrow money or restructure debt, plans to reduce or delay expenditures and plans to increase ownership equity. (3) Consideration of financial statement effects; whether they are adequate and what are the possible effects. (4) Consideration of the effects on the auditor’s reports. 3. In my opinion, the going-concern uncertainty is not warranted. No one could predict what will happen in the future. Auditors do not have the responsibility to predict future events. Therefore, the going-concern uncertainty is just a substantial doubt based on historical data and past events, some reasonable estimates and management’s plans. From the exhibit 1, we can find that GM suffered losses since 2005. However, I do not think it necessary to issue an audit opinion modified to disclose going-concern opinion prior to 2007 when its losses reached at $38,732 million. A going-concern opinion should be issue when substantial doubt exists. Although it suffered losses since 2005, there was no sign that management would file the chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and it was likely that the US government would provide financial support for the GM. So it is not adequate to add the going-concern paragraph in my point of view. 4. The Great Recession which began in December 2007 and lasted to September 2008 might have accelerated Deloitte’s decision to issue an audit opinion modified to disclose going-concern uncertainties. The financial crisis resulted in collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, downturns in stock markets around the world, etc. The financial crisis made GM’s problems more difficult because it could not pay its debt and it became harder for it to refinance. Therefore, at this point, the going-concern uncertainty for GM was substantially increased, which led to an audit opinion with modified going-concern paragraph. 5. The Car Allowance Rebate Program released on July 1, 2009 did help the new GM. The program provided incentives for the automobile industry with more than 690,000 transactions rebated under this program. Although GM’s sale were down 17% from 2008, it got rid of 70% debt, abandoned 4 unprofitable brands and 13 manufacturing plants, cut off 22,500 employees and 2,300 dealers. These measures helped the new GM cut down its costs and got through its tough time. And there was no sign that any going-on concern uncertainty existed. What auditors should consider about the going-concern is pretty much the same as in question 2. 6. GM’s going-concern opinion would somewhat influence my decisions regarding purchasing a car from GM or investing in GM’s stock. And this may be part of the reason why GM’ stock dropped after 2008. In my point of view, going-concern is a self-fulfilling prophecy. However, it is not the going-concern opinion caused the company to file a bankruptcy protection. The company’s problem such as inefficient benefit plan had been existed there for a long time without solving. The going-concern opinion just revealed the problem and accelerated its demise. And this eventually made the self-fulfilling prophecy come true.

Why Should You Work Hard Essay Example for Free

Why Should You Work Hard Essay Have you ever been jealous of someone who is more successful than you? Have you ever think about why could this happen? It is common that employees complain about their work situation, their picky boss, and their outstanding colleagues. In every area, there are several outstanding geniuses. They stay there, and it seems like they can never be surpassed. They are like myths. Have you ever considered why there has always been someone who seems like relax but better than you and stands there forever. However, grumble does not help. Working harder than expectation is necessary for winning respect from others, making individuals valuable, and making an effort to build a stronger country. Losers never know the difference between them and individuals who are successful. Many of these persons hold the opinion that it is unnecessary to work very hard because when lucky arrives, they will success. Some of them keep purchasing for lottery, and they have the mentality of not doing anything but becoming millionaires (Brhel, n. d). However, do they really happy? Landau (2011), a journalist of CNN, said that the lucky do become happier after they winning a numerous prize, but level off soon. Others think that they born with unlucky. One of my classmates complained about the condition of him a week ago. He said that quizzes were too much, he did not have a good foundation of English, and other students were so smart. However, he ignores the point that he does not pay enough attention in class, and it reflected on that he asks me about the assignments after class everyday. Obviously, he did not focus on what instructor said. This attitude might cause failure in his study, even might bring negative influence to his career. Some of citizens criticize a number of celebrities who born with honor intensely. Anyone who comes from a famous family or a famous person gets a head start without making any effort. For instance, the children who were adopted by the movie star Angelina Jolie receive more attention from the public than normal citizens do. Later on we may learn there is nothing unusual about the children, but they are watched from the entire world because of their connections. That is true, and this situation can never be ignored. However, the majority are still ordinary citizens who have to work hard. Thus, one who holds those inappropriate ideas should be denied. Some might suggest that we are required to work hard; as a result, we can be successful employees in different areas in the future. That is true, it is necessary that we work hard and obtain a good payment. However, it is not sufficient just work hard. If you just work hard, you might meet the requirement of teachers or bosses and your classmates or your colleagues might admire you because you are a good person, but you are still for from successful. The reason is that you are in a limited environment where your colleagues are so normal. If you only compare with them, the result will be good, which you meet the requirements and surpass other colleagues. However, no one is going to remember you in the history because you did not bring any change for this company, and you did not do several contributions to this company. At last, you are same as everyone other ordinary employees, or you are one of them. Thus, one who wants to become an outstanding person might want work harder to fight for a better reputation. Therefore, you might think about what to motivate you to become a successful person. It is so significant to win other’s respect in one’s life. One cannot leave without esteem. Further more, work harder is necessary for you to promote yourself. By work harder, you can dig your potential talent and improve your ability of working and dealing with problems. By working hard, you can make contribution to the country. In Obama’s impressive speech, he mentioned that many devices and inventories are created and a great number of literature masterpieces were written in the past. What can we do to devote to the country? That is, work harder than others, make a high goal, and reach it. In conclusion, I would like to suggest that everyone not easily to satisfy with the situation, instead, work harder to meet your goal in your mind and gain respect from others and make an effort for the development of the country. Complaining, being arrogant, being shortsighted are enemies of becoming an outstanding person. Working hard might seems like hard to achieve, but if you keep pushing yourself, miracle might arrive.

Social Networking The Current Trends Media Essay

Social Networking The Current Trends Media Essay Nowadays social networking sites are gaining a lot of popularity among youth. These have played a crucial role in bridging boundaries and enabling them to communicate on a same platform. It has become a popular and a potential mean for them to stay friends with the existing ones and to grow up their social circle at least in terms of  acquaintances. Communication   has   become   effective   thanks to the existence of the internet. A social network is defined as a set of individuals who establish with each other in friendship manner. The individuals and their activities in the social network are interrelated and the bond are channels for transfer the immaterial resources. According to Boyd and Ellison definition of Social Network Sites, Social Network Sites is a web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, to articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view their list of connections and those made by others within the system. All social networking sites have almost the same features. Their backbone consists of visible profiles that display the details or the presentation of oneself. The basic level of entry in most social network sites is the setting up of a profile which is a personalized page developed by the user in which he/she presents him/herself to the friends through text, photos music and videos among others. The individual is asked to fill out forms containing a series of questions. The profile is generated using the answers to these questions, which basically include description such as age, location, interests, and an about me section. Social network sites also allow users to mobilize and organize their social contacts and profiles in the way they want other members to see them. Social network sites also give the externalization of data characteristics. The externalization of networks is possibly one of the first times online users have been able to view their own online social networks, and share them with friends and the general public. Some social network sites also support applications which allow users to describe the relation between themselves and other members. The label for these relationships differs depending on the site popular terms include Friends, Contacts, and Fans.Most social networking sites required confirmation from both party for the relationships term, but some do not. These one-way confirmation ties are sometimes called as Fans or Followers, but many sites call these as Friends as well. The term Friends can be misleading to others because the connection sometimes do not necessarily mean friendship in the common way, and the reasons people connected with others are varied. Social network sites also introduced new ways for community formation. although the virtual communications have existed since the beginning of online applications, social network sites support new ways for people to connect between themselves. Users of these sites may choose to communicate through various digital objects, such as tagging and in-built applications within the social network sites. Social network sites are also not just a collection of chat rooms and forums. The users can play games, take fun quizzes, share photos and ideas with friends. Social network sites nowadays also become simpler and easy to use. Anyone with basic internet skills can create and manage an online social network sites presence. Furthermore, social network sites are free of charge and open for anyone to join. Most of them just require registration, while others limit membership through an invitation from members who are already members of the site. Simultaneous posting across different channels also available today. Weve already seen how Twitter has this magical power of posting your tweets to your Facebook wall, and how LinkedIn can import your content from Twitter. And weve seen how this is taken to an extreme by sites like HootSuite which can publish to hundreds of different networks and groups from one click of a button. The HootSuite service is commonly used to manage online brands and to submit messages to a variety of social media services, including Twitter, Facebook, Google+ and Mixi. HootSuite also provides a browser-based dashboard that enable the users to keep updated on their Twitter account. We should get ready to see more of this seamless integration between different platforms. Today current trends in social networking sites also really focusing more on internet privacy. With social networking websites like Facebook.com and MySpace.com, it is too easy to obtain personal information about someone and use it to harm them. In a case with MySpace.com, the  availability  of  being  able to  customize ones own  site has allowed people to use phishing html code to create phishing profiles that allows that   person   to   access  anyones  profile  who  have  visited  the  phishing  profile. Phishing can often lead to the loss of personal information such as usernames, credit card numbers, and passwords. This in turn causes great privacy issues since that person can now  access personal information and then sell it off to marketing companies for a profit. This selling of  information to companies has bring to the rise in spam emails that we all  received. Another issue of concern with social networking web sites is the of copyright infringement. The original owner of the selected file were not mentioned during the sharing of thousands n thousands amount of files shared through social networking web sites. Also, commercial products are also being reproduced by individuals and uploaded to these social networking web sites. YouTube is a great example of how copyright infringement can happened using a social networking website, because the members can pretty much upload everything on YouTube. This show us that people are doing copyright infringement and uploading files and video clips that do not belong to  them. The only real way that copyright infringement is reported is through the self-policing of the YouTube   community . YouTube has been sued many times in the past and is now being sued for over one billion dollars by Viacom because of above cases. The trend at the moment is that whenever you search for content you are presented with content relevant to your interests, that is chosen in relation to your past searches, your likes, and so on. . Users of a social network can be associated with one or more interest categories. Posts or updates made in the social network by friends of a first user are associated with one or more interest categories. A social feed can be filtered based on the interested categories or the first user of the social feed or the interests associated with the posts or updates made by the first users friends. The danger here is that this process channelled us in one particular direction meaning that we can only see what the robots think we want to see. So we need to make another effort to find new and different content, since it is increasingly unlikely that this will pop up in the search engines. Today, we now can access social networking sites using smartphones and tablets. Smartphones and tablets are obviously the latest technology products right now. Meeker forecasts the worldwide number of smartphone and tablet users should overtake the worldwide number of computer users next year. That means around the world, more peoples experience of computing and Internet technology will come from mobile devices than via traditional desktop or notebook. If forecasts bear out, this shift will not only continue, but accelerate. Furthermore, business can use social networking websites for their  advantages. Social networking website can be used for hiring the employees. Such sites as jobstreet actually help many people searching for jobs and many companies looking for employees to find each other. It is as simple as creating your  own resume and upload it there. Another aspect of business affected by social networking websites is marketing.Not only is online advertising more effective than commercial advertising such as TV ads and magazines, it is also  more cheaper and reaches far more  people than  other forms of   advertising. In conclusion, there is no doubt that social networking sites has great impact on the society it has lot of challenges which we have to face .So, we should focus on the ethical use of these social networking sites so that it serves our society in a right way and the society can play an important role because it is a time bomb for the society. In one hand it provides a way to connect to our dear ones, and on the other side it gives a platform that become danger to others.

Naturalistic Ethic Essay -- Naturalism Nature Essays

Naturalistic Ethic Even though there are several schools of Naturalistic ethic, they all have one major quality in common – recognition of Nature as the main guiding force of our lives. Naturalists try to understand Nature and how Nature and humanity are linked together. Adherents of Naturalism try to convince people to shift their attitude toward the need to follow the laws of nature as a principle of moral conduct. There are three major schools of Naturalism. The first school strives for â€Å"returning back to nature† in order to enjoy a simple life and find out the truth by communion with nature, which is considered to be the teacher for all people. The second school recognizes that the Nature has inner soul. For example, stoics believed that Nature possesses rational (comprehensible by human mind) and positive divine power and all events in people’s lives are predetermined by it. Thus, people should give in to their fates and react in a positive and rational way toward unfores een circumstances because everything happens for a reason and for the best. The third school advocates evolutionary theory as the basis for ethical conduct. Followers of this theory argue that people should learn their behavior from the evolutionary model of natural world. Darwin’s law of survival of the fittest was applied to social context. The ethical conduct is considered to be right when people or government do not interfere to help weak â€Å"species† survive. As a result, the most developed, smart and enterprising people will prevail and as social evolution progresses, they will form a superior society. As opposed to Naturalism, the ethical theory of duty occupies a completely different domain. Immanuel Kant, the major advocate of this ethical appro... ...ity of cases (e.g. for our purpose of establishing universality). In other words, an almost-universal law is a law that would be universal if a negligible set of cases were ignored. That would seem to resolve the situations where universal moral laws contradict one another as those situations should be few and far between compared to the totality of all possible cases. That is not to say that the negligible set should contain few situations, period; only a minute part of all possible situations. This also seems to resolve the case of self-sacrifice, which, even though it looks moral in many situations, cannot be universalized. It may be argued that those many situations are still within a negligible set compared to the totality of all situations in which it is theoretically possible to practice self-sacrifice, and thus self-sacrifice as a universal law is not moral. Naturalistic Ethic Essay -- Naturalism Nature Essays Naturalistic Ethic Even though there are several schools of Naturalistic ethic, they all have one major quality in common – recognition of Nature as the main guiding force of our lives. Naturalists try to understand Nature and how Nature and humanity are linked together. Adherents of Naturalism try to convince people to shift their attitude toward the need to follow the laws of nature as a principle of moral conduct. There are three major schools of Naturalism. The first school strives for â€Å"returning back to nature† in order to enjoy a simple life and find out the truth by communion with nature, which is considered to be the teacher for all people. The second school recognizes that the Nature has inner soul. For example, stoics believed that Nature possesses rational (comprehensible by human mind) and positive divine power and all events in people’s lives are predetermined by it. Thus, people should give in to their fates and react in a positive and rational way toward unfores een circumstances because everything happens for a reason and for the best. The third school advocates evolutionary theory as the basis for ethical conduct. Followers of this theory argue that people should learn their behavior from the evolutionary model of natural world. Darwin’s law of survival of the fittest was applied to social context. The ethical conduct is considered to be right when people or government do not interfere to help weak â€Å"species† survive. As a result, the most developed, smart and enterprising people will prevail and as social evolution progresses, they will form a superior society. As opposed to Naturalism, the ethical theory of duty occupies a completely different domain. Immanuel Kant, the major advocate of this ethical appro... ...ity of cases (e.g. for our purpose of establishing universality). In other words, an almost-universal law is a law that would be universal if a negligible set of cases were ignored. That would seem to resolve the situations where universal moral laws contradict one another as those situations should be few and far between compared to the totality of all possible cases. That is not to say that the negligible set should contain few situations, period; only a minute part of all possible situations. This also seems to resolve the case of self-sacrifice, which, even though it looks moral in many situations, cannot be universalized. It may be argued that those many situations are still within a negligible set compared to the totality of all situations in which it is theoretically possible to practice self-sacrifice, and thus self-sacrifice as a universal law is not moral.

Essay --

San Jose State University Intro Sociology – M/W 9:00AM Paper #1 – Gun Control & Regulation 1. In your own words, please describe the problem or social issue that you have chosen to write about. What is the extent of the problem or issue as you see it or understand it? The gun control debate had been going on for a long time in America. What I seem to know about the debate is that whether Americans should own guns. In the United States Constitution there is a law that says the right to bear arms. Back then the people of the Untied States just wanted to protect themselves. However, today guns are killing many Americans. There had been many similar dangerous situations where people had been killed by guns. One of the situations can be a school shooting that endangered students. I believe that because of these kinds of situations are happening Americans should keep or be allowed to have guns. They believe that having guns keeps the citizens safe and protected. The people might say that if a bugler came to the house they would have some way of defending themselves. Others might say t...

Alcoholism and The Human Body Essay -- Addiction to Alcohol

Alcoholism a struggle in life where around the world many people must deal with every day. What is addiction and how does it affect the body? Although defined in many ways, it is believed by some that addiction is a disease of the brain that can cause a dependence upon or a continuing, compelling need to use a habit-forming substance despite harmful consequences and may also be characterized by the increasing need for more of the substance or activity in order to obtain the same effect. Many changes take place within a body that consumes high doses of alcohol which can sometimes have long lasting, permanent, or even detrimental effects. Many research studies on the topic of alcoholism continue to be performed as a means to benefit society as a whole and to give help for those individuals and families who are in desperate need. In order for the proper assistance to be developed for those with a need for treatment there is much that needs to be understood about the disease of alco holism; at its most basic level, the cellular level. This is quite a task to be sure since we are all human beings and with much the same physiology, however, because of the subtle yet various differences in each of our body’s chemistry, as well as our social environments, this can make treatment that one person receives very different from the treatment of another. Therefore, determining the best possible treatments can be a challenge which is where research plays a very important part. The following choices of articles call attention to a few different kinds of detailed research and their discoveries made about alcoholism and its affect on the human body. It is this kind of information which allows physicians to come up with the best possible t... ...96. American Psychological Association, 1089-2680/10/$12.00. doi: 10.1037/a0021526. Kiefer, F., & Mann, K. (2005). New achievements and pharmacotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of alcohol dependence. European Journal of Pharmacology, 526(1-3), 163–171. Schwabe, L., Dickinson, A., & Wolf, O. T. (2011). Stress, habits, and drug addiction: A psychoneuroendocrinological perspective. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19(1), 53–63. American Psychological Association, 1064-1297/11/$12.00. doi: 10.1037/a0022212 . Tomberg, C. (2010). Alcohol pathophysiology: Circuits and molecular mechanisms. Journal of Psychophysiology, 24(4), 215–230. doi: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000035. Tomberg, C. (2010). Categories of alcohol consumers: Definitions and criteria of alcohol addiction. Journal of Psychophysiology, 24(4), 213–214. doi: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000034.

Cosmetology School

Every year thousands of people who have a passion for fashion, style and beauty and who enjoy making other people and themselves look amazing and feel appealing enroll in cosmetology schools. Cosmetology school is a place for creative, sociable, ambitious and constantly developing individuals. There are a lot of various directions in the program of a cosmetology school, so every person is free either to choose the subject he or she likes, or to take up several of them: nail technician, esthetician, hair styling, permanent make up specialist, massage therapist, etc.The sphere of cosmetology is multisided and very perspective and rewarding nowadays and there are a lot of reasons why attending a cosmetology school may be beneficial. The most important advantage of having a cosmetology school education is that you will hardly ever be unemployed (unless you will wish to). People would always like to look and feel beautiful, so you will always have enough opportunities to make them be and feel such.The only task you will always have to fulfill is to be always aware of the latest style and fashion trends and the newest techniques, and take any chance to cultivate your creativity and collect precious experience in your job. Another advantage of this career is that you are free to choose time and even place where you are eager to perform your skills.You may make weekends whatever days of week you want and you will never have to get up early in the morning(unless you have a yoga-class), because most of stylists prefer starting their working day in the afternoon, during the lunch break of their clients, or even in the evening, after normal business hours. And even if your working place is in the salon, it is likely that you can set the schedule convenient for you. People say: â€Å"If you want to succeed in business, the best way for you is to make your hobby your own business† – a cosmetologist career is the best example to reflect this view.Working with cl ients’ hair, nails or makeup may be extremely exciting. You meet many different people with different views as for style and fashion and all of them want you to bring their dreams to reality. During this process you practice not only as a cosmetologist, but also as psychologist. And the best reward is a grateful smile on the face of your client. It is also necessary to point out that if you are creative and skillful enough and enjoy trying new provocative styles, it is possible that you will be asked to style the hair and makeup of models and celebrities, or even well-known politicians.You will even have a possibility to work for big companies’ hair shows, such as Joico or Paul Mitchell, or for some prominent modeling agencies, theatres or magazines. You can make various astonishing acquaintances and may be you will be well-known among very important people. In a field of cosmetology your incomes depend on nothing else but type, amount and quality of your own work. The more clients you are eager to have a day the more money you may earn. By the way, if to work hard and make a number of personal clients, there is a possibility of expanding your career by becoming a salon manager or even by opening your own salon.I am hardworking and willful, confident of my abilities and skills, so I hope to open my own spa salon some day. I know that my skills and natural charm and sociability will help me to build a base of clients. Moreover I am planning to open my own blog or even a site, where I will give necessary advice on fashion, style, hair design and nail art and tell people about the newest style tendencies. Probably I will face a lot of competitors on my way, but I am not afraid of that. People like to have their own specialist whether in hair style, makeup or manicure, that’s why, they are searching for the â€Å"right† person, who would meet their needs.I am sociable and flexible enough to meet the needs of different kinds of people an d I am conscious that people will notice that. Attending a cosmetology school can let one build a fun, flexible and very rewarding career. This job allows flexible working hours, high incomes, guarantee of being employed, plenty of room for professional and personal growth, and acquaintance and experience of interaction with various people. It is necessary to keep up with changing style and fashion tendencies to succeed in this field.In order to keep the clients’ interest a stylist should always be in a process of self-improvement and self-education, as well as he should always find common language with clients. A cosmetology education provides a person with an opportunity of expanding his or her career by becoming a salon or spa manager or even an owner of such. Although it will take a lot of efforts to do this and there are a lot of competitors on the way, I am sure that some day my goal of owning a salon will be achieved. I believe that cosmetology school education will he lp me to take the first step to my dream and once I will be proud to call my job â€Å"my hobby†.

The demand for telecommunications is rapidly increasing in Belize Essay

look for has represent that an estimated fifty million transactions of international long distance forebode calls originate from Belize each year. The organisation has aimed to figure that consumers generate lower prices, higher(prenominal) select services, wider array of service choices, and reconcile of the artistic mental home technology. It similarly seeks to repair the efficiency of many business ventures which would facilitate the economy of the country. An improve telecommunications infra social organization give overly amplify the take of foreign investment.The telecommunications orbit has been laboured by limited financial business leader to invest in using of current infrastructure (Fox 103, 2007). As a state run institution, BTL has found it difficult to go along a state of the art telecommunications web. Satellite, cellular, and nurture technologies atomic number 18 changing at a rapid calculate. Belize already faces some(prenominal) disadv antages as comp ared with its neighbors because it is losing competition in terms of cellular teledensity. It in like manner has the greatest unsatisfied imply for services and the longest average reckon for installation of telephone lines.It also suffers from a disadvantage in terms of the shape of lines per employee and take aim of investment per employee. BTL has invested twenty dollars in telecommunications for every inhabitant. Other countries with similar sparing trains have invested two to ten quantify higher. The country has annually invested less in telecommunication than the amount needed to carry on the current level of personal offbeat enjoyed. The low investment rate has drawd several problems for BTL (Fox 103, 2007. Research conducted for a group of Belizeans determined that forty portion of the participants had no appraisal about the telecommunication put rights.Twenty percent claimed that politics plans to enlighten the telecommunication area would fail. The governing aims to ensure that the demand for telecom services will increase if the level of services is upgraded and modernized. The country aims to privatize and modify the vault of heaven which would give an incentive for reclusive organizations to house services in remote control areas of the country. Numerous communities in Belize do not have access to adequate telecommunication services. closed-door companies have been selected to tap for customers who would provide a large number of citizens with the opportunity to obtain telecommunications services.The Public Utilities Commission which was form in the late 1990s regulates the telecommunications assiduity in Belize. It has worked with the government to develop a insurance indemnity framework for the telecommunications sector. This policy is the future day blueprint and development of the manufacture (Cronin 31, 2007). The Belize Telecommunications dissemble was passed in 2002 which supplyed all licenses , permits, and permission for direct until the expiry of previous licenses. This act allows the development of the telecommunications diligence by the system of competition.It has allow two licenses to the Belize Telecommunications Limited and International Telecommunications Limited. An person license was also provided to Speednet Communications Limited. The PUC has given(p) an estimated twenty licenses for internet service providers, selective information networks, and hidden domestic networks (Cronin 32, 2007). The PUC has also allowed the service in the set of rules and software applications to improve the quality of communications. Belize has not managed to open its telecommunications commercialize to competition and privatization.As a contribute it has been experiencing slower sector growth and higher prices as compared with its neighbors. High prices and the slow rate of innovation have been identified as being responsible for the slow pacing of development (Cronin 29, 2007). There are also limited opportunities for entrepreneurial initiatives. The current government aims to properly design and implement renews in the telecommunications sector. It requires political will and capacity to reform which would assist in the development of the telecommunications sector.It also requires the need for fire up policies and basic rules of the game. The policy for licensing new companies mustiness be clear as it would ensure that the sector structure is secure in the future. The pricing rules must be well defined which would allow firm numbers and simple formulas for self-acting adjustments to hold for several years. An new(prenominal) urgency is the powers of the regulative authority and the decision fashioning processes will be used in interactions with regulators. Credible and stable sector policies and rules are another objective of the government.They aim to create a broad consensus on the reform package (Cronin 30, 2007). Another important pure tone is the government seeks to add credibility to the reform process by relating the process to its success. genuine telecommunications laws also need to be utilize according to the objectives of the new government. The current enactment needs to be upgraded so that it slew assist in telecommunication reforms in Belize. A major task of the Belizean government has been to create credibility for its telecommunications reform policy.Private investors believe that the absence of credibility would go away in the risk of expropriation and having investors taken warrantor in terms of the ability of the government to force utilities to charge unprofitable place for their services. While the government wants to encourage close investment, it must create an institutional battle array that limits their own ability to behave opportunistically at one time clandestine telecom operators undertake their investments. The creation of regulatory bodies creates questions concerned with accountability and autonomy. semiempirical studies that have analyse the Belizean telecommunication sector have tried to explain the partial tone telecommunications reforms or the effects of political and institutional changeables on network deployment. Research has explored how new political institutions measured by indicator of checks and balances affect the long run level of penetration in Belize (Cronin 39, 2007). Political limits have a strong and arrogant kindred with the growth of main lines. It highlights the importance of policy for promoting steady and strong incentives to private investors in a sector where opportunistic demeanour might be expected.Other researchers studied the effects of telecommunications regulation and political variables in which they found that these variables help explain the level of network expansion. A better and limited regulatory environs leads to greater investments in telecommunications. Ownership and competition by private investors tend to create favorable environment for the expansion of telecommunications. formula helps assist the private firms that enter the telecommunications sector of Belize.Research conducted for the cerebrate between privatization and network expansion found that privatization is strongly linked with the efficiency and reliability of the telecommunications sector. Competition a major variable rouse have a positive effect on the telecommunication sector. Regulation is however considered to negative with relation to network expansion. Regulatory environment constitutes an important performer for private organizations that seek to operate in Belize. Strategic decisions made by companies can be linked with traditional frugalal factors and regulatory conditions.The performance of the telecom industry affects and is affected by the political and regulatory decisions. Privatization, liberalization and regulatory enhancement are linked and influence each other in the success of the tel ecom industry (Cronin 69, 2007). Belizean telecommunications merchandise is an emerging commercialise which is considered unsettled by major telecom operators. It also suffers from volatility because of the vulnerability of the economy to market fluctuations. Consumers in Belize are also minute to prices even during the times of economic boom. downcast prices and regulations make Belize an unattractive option for Hesperian telecom companies.Despite major bills and reforms, the sector continues to be dominated by the BTL. Belize Telemedia retains its monopoly and hegemony over the telecommunication sector. It is also favorably back up by the government which continues to provide economic assistance to the company. The sluggish capital market and uncertainty about future economic development in Belize means that carriers will prefer technology that makes the most of actual infrastructure. This will increase the sales opportunities with products that twirl reliable and efficie nt service.