Media and Moral Panic

Media is the main revenue of mass communication. The media plays a variety of roles in society; its main responsibility is that of providing information. As constant consumers and users of this information the relevance to the majority of members in the wider community inclusive of teachers and students is critical. The media positions us as the audience to take a particular viewpoint of a topic, issue or problem that is evident in our society.To what extent though does this role as information provider influence moral panic? Moral panic refers to the exaggerated social response to media coverage of a sporadic episode that consequently turns it into a widespread issue and causes colossal concern in society (Cohen, 1987). The media has a tendency to manipulate people by amplifying the facts and truths and using multiple camera techniques to surround a group/individual and outcast them in society, thus labeling them the ‘other’. Othering’ is closely linked to discri mination as it consists of the â€Å"objectification of another person or group† which puts aside and ignores the complexity and subjectivity of the individual/s. Teachers and students must construct their own knowledge about media coverage and understand that at times the media amplifies issues of concern by stereotyping and excluding particular members of society. A certain structure exists in society, if groups/individuals step outside of the boundaries, society categorises them as ‘others’ and excludes them from the majority.After this occurrence there are two options that exist; to either accept the exclusion or conform to societal norms and return to the inclusion. It is vital to understand the effect that bullying, discrimination and the mass media have on these groups/individuals and realise that some students in your classroom may fall under these categories. Therefore it is in our power as teachers, to inform and position students to be critically liter ate consumers of the media, to ensure they are able to bestow a critical perspective towards texts.Due to the fact that the media plays a massive role in students’ everyday lives in the 21st century it is vital that educators engage students in pedagogical experiences that teach them to become critically literate readers. Students could start by developing an understanding of the indicators of moral panic which are: 1. Concern – the issue is at a sensitive level and affects one’s feelings on a personal level. 2. Hostility – increased level of antagonism towards those involved in the threat or panic. 3. Consensus – a general agreement among society that a threat actually exists. . Disproportionality – the problem is exaggerated and amplified to create public concern. 5. Volatility – erupts suddenly and almost as quickly then subsides or disappears. (Goode & Ben-Yehuda, 1994). Developing an understanding of these indicators gives studen ts a solid foundation to be able to critically analyse the texts they observe and hear to make an informed decision about the information they are receiving. Students must also have an understanding of the indicators of Disproportionality so they are able to critically analyse the texts they are viewing.They must be able to identify when figures are exaggerated, figures are fabricated altogether, where there are other harmful conditions in society but they are not getting mass coverage and the changes over time (Critcher, 2006). It can have a detrimental effect in students understanding if they are not presented the tools to be critical readers of texts. In conclusion, it is completely important and relevant to teachers and their students to have a critical understanding of the relationship between the media and moral panic because†¦.

Most Serene about venice

,† is an improbable cityscape of stone palaces that seem to float on water, a place where cats nap on Oriental marble windowsills set in colorful plaster walls. Candy-striped pylons stand sentry outside the tiny stone docks of palazzi whose front steps descend into the gently lapping waters of the canals that lace the city. In Venice, cars are banned every form of transportation floats, from water taxis and vaporetti (the public â€Å"bus† ferries) to ambulance speedboats and garbage scows.Venice is a place where locals stop at the bacaro (wine bar) to take un ombra (literally a little bit of shade,† in practice, a glass of wine) and munch on cicchetti (tapasllke snacks) or linger over exquisite restaurant seafood dinners. It is also a city of great art and grand old masters. Venetian painting featured early masters such as the Bellini clan Jacopo from the 1420s, sons Giovanni and Gentile from the 1460s.By the early 15005, Venice had taken the Renaissance torch fro m Florence and made it its own, lending the movement the new color and lighting schemes of such giants as Giorgione, Tiziano (Titian), Paolo Veronese, and Tintoretto. So much for Venice the Serenissima. There's also Venice the insanely popular and overcrowded. Certainly, the tourists can seem inescapable, and prices can be double or triple here what they are elsewhere In Italy. But visitors flock to this canalled wonder for very good reason: Venice is extraordinary, It Is magical, and It Is worth every cent.Its existence defies logic, but underneath its otherworldly beauty and sometimes-stifling tourism, Venice is a living, breathing, singular city that seems almost too exquisite to be genuine, too fragile to survive the never-ending stream of visitors who have been making the pilgrimage ere for 1,500 years. As barbarian hordes washed back and forth across the Alps during the decline of the Roman Empire (starting in the 4th c. ) inhabitants of the Veneto flatlands grew tired of bein g routinely sacked and pillaged along the way.By the 6th century, many had begun moving out onto the mud-flat Islands of the marshy lagoon, created by what was in ancient times the Po River delta, to take up fishermen's lines or trading ships. When they saw that one barbarian horde, the Lombards, had stayed to settle the upper Po valley (still called Lombardy), these Veneti decided to remain on their new sland homes and ally themselves instead with the eastern remnant of the old Roman Empire, Byzantium. Oddly, what we now consider central Venice was the last area settled.After Attila the Hun rampaged through, citizens of the Roman town of Altino moved out onto Torcello ironic, since Torcello's star has long since fallen and it is now the least built-up of all of greater Venice's major inhabited islands. Townsfolk from Oderzo moved to Malamocco and made it the lagoon's political capital (the original site is now underwater, and the Malamocco that survives nearby is a fishing village on the outhern stretch of the Lido, near the golf course).After barely defeating Charlemagne's son Pepin there in 810, the capital was moved to the more protected Rialto islands now central Venice. Greater Venice's oldest surviving structure is the cathedral on Torcello, founded in 639, but today's site is largely from the 9th and 10th centuries. In fact, sparsely populated Torcello is one of the best glimpses into what early Venice must have looked like scattered buildings and canals banked by waving rushes and reeds, everything outlined by the dotted lines of wooden piles hammered down into the ud.This construction is what underlies all those stone palazzi of central Venice: a framework foundation of sunken tree trunks, hammered down into the caranto (a solid clay layer under the surface of mud and sand) and preserved in the anaerobic atmosphere of their muddy tomb, overlain with Istrian stone. As its power began to peak in the early 13th century, Venice led the fourth and most su ccessful Crusade, capturing Constantinople itself. It went on to conquer territories across what are today Turkey, the Greek Isles, and Crete and eventually became the apital of Italy's inland provinces, now the Veneto, Trentino, and Friuli.By 1300, it was one of the largest cities and the leading maritime republic of Europe and the Mediterranean. Although the Black Death carried off over half the population from 1347 to 1350, Venice bounced back and remained a maritime power until the 18th century, when trade through the new American colonies would increasingly steal much of the city's thunder. By the end of the 18th century, Venice had run out of steam commercially, not to mention militarily, after centuries spent fghting the Turks (who slowly regained most f Venice's Aegean and Greek territories).By the time Napoleon came along in 1797, the Venetian Republic offered little resistance. Napoleon gave control of Venice to Austria, under whose rule it remained for almost 70 years. Da niele Manin did stage an unsuccessful minirevolution in 1848 and 1849, during which Venice was privileged to become the first city attacked from the air by a fleet of hot-air balloons armed with long-fused time bombs. The Risorgimento (unification) movement and its king, Vittorio Emanuele II, defeated the Austrians, gained control of the Veneto, and made t a part of the newly minted state of Italy in 1866.In its position at the crossroads of the Byzantine and Roman later Eastern and Western worlds, Venice, over many centuries, acquired a unique amalgamated heritage of art, architecture, and culture. And although hordes of traders and merchants no longer pass through as they once did, Venice nonetheless continues to find itself at a crossroads: an intersection in time between the uncontested period of afloat. It is a great disservice to allot Venice the average stay of 2 nights and 3 days (it ometimes takes the better part of a day Just to find your hotel).

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International business - Essay Example They are the result of the industry formation, their personal resources and the expertise the products rely on. Even if the industrialists did not clearly utilize the suggested framework to develop strategies, they do take advantage of a few aspects of these theories to support their decision-making. Nonetheless, the suggested theories cannot justify all of their strategies. It was interesting how the industrialists made use of â€Å"fortune†, â€Å"opportunity† and â€Å"gut feeling† to explain how they came about starting their businesses and why the business models developed the way they did. A number of decisions did not have a strategic foundation and were comparatively extemporized. This reveals the approach of startups to function as opposed to transnational businesses, which generally have some set of rules to follow before executing any plans (Lymbersky, p. 83, 2008). A lot similar to the rest of the Middle East, the Egyptian market is creating a taste f or foreign goods and newer generations are keen to try a rising range of these products. Introduction Once regarded as an improbable trade associate because of a fragmented retail sector as well as shortage of cold storage capability, the Middle East’s progress in both areas has led to better prospect for foreign confectionery providers. In addition, trade liberalization, better infrastructure in addition to distribution arrangements are aiding to smooth the progress of new product entry as well as brand development. In the present day, the Middle East (Lymbersky, p. 83, 2008) is among the most lucrative markets for confectionery around the globe. Demographically, the young people, rising number of emigrants, and mounting disposable income per capita should carry on creating demand for confectionery. Suppliers from all over the world are eager to meet this rising demand and are intensifying the competition for same reason. In a few of the smaller Middle Eastern nations such a s Israel, the supermarkets as well as hypermarkets make up the major share of confectionery sales. There are two national supermarket chains in Israel that currently control the retail scenario. Convenience stores, naturally, still play a most important part in confectionery supply; however, the small self-regulating grocer has mostly washed out from the scene (Sekkat, p. 29, 2009). Background The report helps in better understanding of the opportunities and possible barriers to enter the confectionary market of Middle Eastern region. The report is made with a regional focus and the information has been collected from all individual markets of Middle East region including Egypt, Israel and Turkey. Objective The objective of this report is to identify different market entry strategies and select the one that is most suitable for the company. The areas covered in this report are strategic issues this company is required to fix on earlier than product launch, to guarantee successful ma rket entry as well as their consequent survival. These consist of, but are not restricted to, the basis for entering that particular market segment, the types of promotion, their competitive advantages and methods to maintain these advantages. Reasons for Selecting Middle East Region There is developing awareness among international confectionery producers on the Middle East market. For many years, confectionery sales within the region have witnessed double-digit yearly growth, rising by almost 15 percent per annum between 2006 and 2009. There are quite a lot of bases for

Discuss the use of monetary policy to influence the levels of Essay

Discuss the use of monetary policy to influence the levels of inflation and unemployment in an economy - Essay Example Reserves of commercial bank are one from of liabilities of federal bank .the imposition of reserve requirement from federal bank results this liability. Treasury deposits are also a liability for federal bank since there are the deposits made by treasury department of states. Federal Reserve notes are the notes circulated by federal bank in the country in the form of paper money. They are the claims against the assets of federal bank and hence become liability for federal bank. Since, we know that one of the core functions of federal bank is the creation and control of money in the economy, the monetary policy acts as an action plan for this purpose. The federal bank has three core tools to control the money supply in the market Since bonds are floated in the market by government and other organization to raise money, they can be used by the federal bank to increase or decrease the money supply. The federal bank can either buy or sell bonds with commercial bank or general public. Buying securities from commercial banks the reserve of commercial bank are increased while the assets base of federal bank increases. Same thing happens when the federal bank buys securities from public, the asset base of the federal bank increases as well as that of commercial bank. Overall the money at the disposal of federal bank increase which increases the money supply n the market. Reserve ratio is the amount of reserve of commercial bank that they are required to keep with the federal bank. This reserve is not allowed to be loaned to the public. A federal bank, when want to increase money supply in the market decreases the reserve ratio which in turn decreases the reserve of commercial bank kept with federal bank. With the increase money at the disposal of commercial bank they are able to load out more money in the market which increases the money supply. Similarly if the federal bank wants to decrease the money supply it increases the

Entomology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Entomology - Essay Example It is because of this collective effort that they are able to organize and build structures. In cases, altruism has been observed in the biological world. Altruism is where an organism or person puts its own safety in jeopardy in benefit of its kin or social organization (Okasha, 2009).. In the animal kingdom, prairie dogs will often watch and sound an alarm when a predator approaches. This gives away it’s position, but allows all the others to get to safety (McGinley, & Caley, 2007). In terms of insects, bees will fight to defend their comb from predators, which usually results in the death of the bee. Humans display these altruistic traits daily (Okasha, 2009). I believe that there are certain lines that can be drawn for me personally when considering the traits associated with altruism. In terms of my family, I would do anything. The social support and relationships have been in place since birth. One could argue that on some unconscious biological level that I would be fig hting to preserve the integrity of my personal gene pool. As we move up from family to community and then the state, the level of necessary altruism lessens due to the fact that the responsibility becomes less personal and this responsibility of altruism spreads equally among all members, not only being my responsibility. The reason that the line is drawn is that â€Å"blood is thicker than water†. The ties of family are almost impossible to break, therefore the altruistic behavior, which would be displayed would be for familial relationships versus societal relationships. Like what was said before, the aspect of self-sacrifice is a rare event that occurs on a daily basis in human culture. The same can be said for the animal world. Often, the concept of sacrificing oneself for the collective comes as a result of a protection toward the others. The example, being cited above, is bees that protect their kin, food, and future offspring from predators. Predators that attack the c omb threaten not only personal kin, but also the entire society. Knowing that they will die, they still fight off predators to protect everything for the good of the community. In humans, for me in particular, I would consider self-sacrifice to be a last time alternative. I feel like this would apply to situations that would literally be a life and death issue regarding my family. If it meant that I would have to sacrifice my life so that a family member could continue on, I would. In the case of the community, it would have to be such a threat that I would know that the destruction of our community would be imminent. Altruism can serve as a beneficial trait in regards to a society both in the animal world as well as in the insect communities. Depending on the respective behaviors of both communities, each would act in a way that was typical of the community. In the case of the natural world, organisms are more altruistic than humans are; yet they lack all the cognitions and social structures that as humans we have in place. References McGinley, M, & Caley, K. (2007). Altruistic Behaviors. The encyclopedia of earth. Retrieved April 6, 2011, from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Altruistic_behaviors?topic=58074 Okasha, Samir, (2009) "Biological Altruism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved April 6

Argumentative research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Argumentative research paper - Essay Example Now, think about how different that morning ritual might have been without the technology? In fact, most human beings consider most of the modern technology that they use today to be pretty commonplace. This is mainly because technology enables them to fully perform multiple tasks in a great and quick fashion. Of course, there is a moment when that ceases to be a good thing. Likewise, in contemporary days, most adults perceive the technology that they use at work, at home or at school, as tools to use in the aim to accomplish a specific task. On the other hand, others have a very different and potentially dangerous relationship with technology. This is the kind of dangerous relationship that arises when people, as a society, become so completely dependent upon their technology that they become nearly useless without it. Some people believe that this dependence could lead to a dark future for humanity. The Millennials, the name given to those born between the early 1990 to the present , have been inundated with the convenience of advancing technologies all of their lives (McGlynn 12-13). The Millennials possess a false sense of entitlement - a laziness that is born of excessive convenience, and a total loss of self-sufficiency. For this reason, the Millennials overwhelming fixation, total reliance, and complete dependence on technology will lead to nearly helpless and hapless future generations. As mentioned earlier, the perspective and purpose of technology has changed greatly from the period mankind first began implementing the earliest technology. Since the beginning of society, people have invented tools that make their lives simpler, more productive and efficient. For instance, the wheel changed the transportation of goods. As an outcome of this, people improved that concept with the invention of trains and automobiles. However, many people still do not see the modernizations of technology as helpful. This is because they see technology as a means to perform tasks for them, rather than teaching them how to actually do things without using the technology. To demonstrate that, some people would likely write letters by using their iPads, rather than taking the time/effort to write them with their pens. This suggests that people may lose some basic life skills (like handwriting) if they keep using the new means of technology exclusively. Generation X, the first techno-generation, was literate and comfortable with new technologies. Nonetheless, most of their skills can be surpassed by children half their age from the Millennial generation today (Rapoza 49). While Generation X was competent with technology, Millennials are completely dependent on it. Indeed, the Millennials account for approximately 70 to 80 million people, which is roughly equal to 33% of the population of the United States (McGlynn 12-16). This dependence can be dangerous if it is passed on to the next generations as that dependence will only become more natural and common . When one looks at some of the different aspects of modern technology, (televisions that respond to voice commands, computers that answer any questions you have, and GPS that tell you how to reach your destination), one can see man’s modern willingness to allow technology to do everything for them, as opposed to using them as tools to accomplish a task. This is interesting because science fiction writers dreamt of such things many decades ago. As a

Ethogram project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethogram project - Assignment Example the warthog despite the presence of other animals such as the buffalo (Bubalus, Syncerus, Bos 13), giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), and the antelopes (Antilocapra americana) in the areas where the warthogs were grazing. Early that morning (10.00AM), the adult warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) cleaned the skin of their offspring using their teeth. Some warthogs were also moving from place to place. At noon (12.00PM), the sun became very hot making the warthogs graze while kneeling and other warthogs moving from one point to another in search of shelter as well as grass. In the afternoon (2.00PM), the temperature was extremely hot making majority of the warthogs to sleep and a few to spend their time cleaning the fur of others via use of their teeth. Some warthogs that were active however ran in one a large group from one place to another when they saw us driving across where they were grazing. While running, they occasionally stopped and looked at us. The choice of this hypothesis is in tandem with the assumption that warthogs move in groups in order to locate food resources. Although male warthogs often love solitary life; they move alone from one place to another, majority of the people believe that warthogs move in groups so as to minimize the rate of their predation by predators. The testing of this hypothesis will enable one understand the lifestyle of warthogs as well as the factors that contribute to their movement in groups. The causal question and the hypothesis for this study will expound on the ultimate cause of warthogs social behavior. The social behavior of the warthogs is likely to have evolved with time because of decrease in food resources as well as increase in the rate of predation. Test for the hypothesis: Information regarding the population of the warthogs in the San Diego zoo will be collected in four different times in a year and their number tabulated for future reference. The information to be documented will include the groups of

Critical Evaluation of an Entrepreneurial Australian Business Essay - 1

Critical Evaluation of an Entrepreneurial Australian Business - Essay Example The company operates in the technology industry which requires innovation at all times so as to remain competitive in the market. The business rather was developed due to the exhaustive manual records hence there was a need for cheaper storage materials for the small businesses. This led to the rise of depot management systems by the company to alleviate the problem and make the businesses more efficient (CAGAN, 2010).However, the industry is characterized by competitive markets where there are free entry and exit. Thus as time goes by the market is concentrated in the provision of the goods and services. The firm plans to increase its management systems so as to upsurge its customer base as to raise more capital that can be used for expansions. The current server that is used by the company is quite small and cannot accommodate the rising demand for the service in data management by different institutions and individuals. The company thus plans to invest in more server space at rela tively affordable cost. The organization also plans to diversify in its activities to surge revenue base which are just the few growth strategies to be implemented.The customer base has since increased since small business who can’t afford the large and expensive management and documentation system ends up in the Betz facility services .this has since increased the market size of the company commanding a substantial share of the market. As a result, sales are greatly improved raising more revenue for the company.

Anxiety Among Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics Essay Example for Free

Anxiety Among Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics Essay Abstract Alcohol is one of the most widely used drug substances in the world. For many people, drinking alcohol is nothing more than a pleasant way to relax. People with alcohol use disorders, however, drink to excess, endangering both themselves and others. In the mental health area alcoholism is caused mostly by depression, anxiety and stress, on the other hand it also leads to depression and stress. The present study aims to compare depression and anxiety among alcoholics and non- alcoholics. It was assumed that depression and anxiety may be the risk factors for alcoholism. A sample of 100 people (50 alcoholics and 50 non-alcoholics) was randomly selected from Delhi. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to collect data on depression and anxiety. t-test was administered to compare two groups. The result of the study showed that alcoholic group was higher on depression as well as anxiety than the non alcoholic group, and it was also found that there is no clear cut casual relationship between alcoholism and depression and anxiety. Alcoholism is perhaps most strongly associated with antisocial personality disorder and drug abuse, but its relationship to other forms of psychopathology has become increasingly evident. In particular, investigations of alcoholic samples indicate a strong co-occurrence of alcoholism with diverse form of anxiety and depressive disorder (Barbor et al, 1992; Chambless et al, 1987; Hasegawa 1991; keller 1994; Nunes, Quitkin Berman, 1988; Penick, 1994; Schuckit, Irwin Brown, 1990). ______________________________________________________________________ *Associate professor, Deptt. Of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh **Research scholar, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. According to Nijhawan (1972) Anxiety, one of the most pervasive psychological phenomenons of the modern era refers to a â€Å"persistent distressing psychological state arising from an inner conflict†. Depression can be defined as â€Å"a state of mind, or more specifically, a mental disorder, characterized by lowering of the individual’s vitality, his mood, his desires, hopes, aspirations and of his self-esteem. It may range from no more than a mild feeling of tiredness and sadness to the most profound state of apathy with complete, psychotic disregard for reality.† (Mendelssohn, 1963). Alcoholism can lead people into serious trouble, and can be physically and mentally destructive. Currently alcohol use is involved in half of all crimes, murders, accidental deaths, and suicides. There are also many health problems associated with alcohol use such as brain damage, cancer, heart disease, diseases of the liver, depression anxiety and other mental disorders. Results from community surveys and epidemiologic samples indicate that substantial comorbidity also exists for depression, anxiety and alcoholism in the general population (Regier et al, 1990; Helzer Pryzbeck, 1988; Kendler et al, 1995). The high co-occurrence of these syndromes, therefore, represents a significant clinical and public health issue that is likely to affect a substantial proportion of the general population. Although the comorbidity of alcoholism with anxiety and depressive disorders has been extensively documented in both clinical and epidemiologic investigations, the specific mechanisms underlying these associations remain a source of debate. One widely accepted hypothesis is that these forms of comorbidity reflect a causal relationship of alcoholism with anxiety and depression. Support for a causal association is based partly on observations that alcohol is commonly used to self- medicate symptoms of negative affect, and so, alcoholism often develops as a secondary diagnosis to anxiety and depression (Meyer Kranzler,1990; Hesselbrock, Meyer Keener,1985; Lader,1972; Merikangas et al,1985). The 18-month follow-up of participants of the Psychiatric Morbidity among Adults Living in Private Households, 2000 survey (Singleton Lewis, 2003) provides an opportunity to determine whether excessive alcohol consumption and abnormal patterns of use are risk factors for incident anxiety and depression in the general population. The study also examined the reverse relationship, considering whether anxiety and depression are risk factors for the development of abnormal patterns of alcohol consumption. However, evidence for a causal relationship is not unidirectional as alcoholism is often observed as a primary disorder, and the presence of problem drinking itself may generate severe anxiety or depressive syndromes (Mendelson Mello, 1979, Nathan, OBrien Lowenstein, 1971; Schuckit, Irwin Smith, 1994; Stockwell, Hodgson Rankin, 1982). Heavy alcohol consumption has been implicated in the development of anxiety and depression (Schuckit, 1983). Many cross-sectional studies have identified considerable comorbidity between anxiety and depression, and alcohol abuse. For example, data from four large community based epidemiological studies (n422 000) in Europe and the USA consistently demonstrated a two- to threefold increase in the lifetime prevalence of anxiety and depression in those with DSM–III or DSM–III–R alcohol abuse or dependence (Swendsen et al, 1998). If anxiety disorders and alcoholism are casually related, there should be a high rate of alcoholism among patients being treated for anxiety disorders. Two studies (Torgersen, 1986; Cloninger et al, 1981) of the prevalence of alcoholism in patients being treated for anxiety neurosis were identified. These investigations suggest a lifetime population prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence of approximately 14%. The survey of the relevant literature made it quite obvious that much of the studies show a prevalence of depression and anxiety among alcoholics. However, previous studies have also pointed out the possibility of alcoholism as risk factors for depression and anxiety. At the same time, literature does not provide any clear cut direction towards the casual relationship between alcoholism and depression and anxiety. Thus, despite the strong association of alcoholism with anxiety and depressive disorders, no universal consensus has been reached regarding the specific mechanisms underlying these associations. The present study aims to identify depression and anxiety among alcoholic and non-alcoholic peoples. Method: Sample: sample of the present study consisted of 100 subjects (50 alcoholics and 50 non alcoholics). The alcoholics were identified through survey from different living areas (including rural, urban and semi-urban) of Delhi and 50 alcoholics were randomly selected for the study. In the same way the non-alcoholic subjects were also selected randomly from different parts of Delhi. The age range of the subjects was between 25 to 50 years. Tools: â€Å"Beck Depression Inventory† BDI -2nd was designed by Beck, Steer Brown (1996). This self report scale has shown to document levels of depression. BDI -2nd edition contains 21 items, each answer being scored on a scale value of 0 to 3. The cut offs used are 0-13 Minimal depression; 14-19 Mild depression; 20-28 Moderate depression; and 29-63 Severe Depression. Higher total scorer indicates more severe depression symptoms. â€Å"Beck Anxiety Inventory† was designed Beck, Epstein, Brown, Steer (1988). This self report scale has shown to document levels of Anxiety symptoms in a valid and consistent manner. BAI contains 21 items each answer being scored on a scale value of 0 to 3. Each symptom item has four possible answer choices: not at all (assigned value =o); Mildly (it did not bother me much) (assigned value=1); Moderately (it was unpleasant but I could stand it) (assigned value =2); and Severely (I could barely stand it) (assigned value =3). The values for each item are summed together to yield an overall or score for all 21 symptoms that can range between 0 and 63 points. A total score of 0-7 is interpreted as a minimal level of Anxiety, 8-15 as ‘mild’, 16-25 as ‘moderate’ and 26-63 as ‘severe’. The BAI is psychometrically sound. Interval consistency ÃŽ ± =.92 to.94, for adults and test-retest (one week interval) reliability is .75. Procedure: The test for depression and anxiety were administered on the subjects individually after establishing the rapport with them. Each and every item was explained to the subject, and then he was asked to respond truly for the item. Thus data was collected for depression and anxiety from alcoholic and non-alcoholic people. t-test was applied to find out the significance of difference between the Mean scores of different groups. Results: TABLE-1 Showing comparison of Mean for depression and anxiety scores between the alcoholics and non-alcoholics Variables| Groups| N| Mean| Std.deviation| t | df| P| depression| Alcoholic Nonalcoholic| 50 50| 35.7600 17.1000| 10.17913 6.15530| 11.092| 98| .01*| Anxiety| Alcoholicnonalcoholic| 50 50| 38.0800 18.3200| 11.55261 6.18570| 10.662| 98| .01*| *Significant at .01 level of confidence TABLE-1 further shows the results obtained by the comparison of alcoholics and non alcoholic group for depression and anxiety. The obtained results show that the mean depression score (M=35.7600) for alcoholic people is higher than the mean depression score (M=17.1000) for non alcoholic people, and the difference between the two means (t=11.092) is statistically significant at .01 level of confidence. Consequently it reveals the findings that alcoholic people have higher depression than the non-alcoholics. The TABLE-1 also shows the results of the comparison of alcoholic and non-alcoholic people on anxiety. The mean anxiety scores (M=38.0800) of alcoholics is found very much higher than the mean anxiety scores (M=18.3200) of the non-alcoholics and the two means difference (t=10.662) is statistically significant at .01 level of confidence. It indicates that alcoholic people have higher anxiety than the non-alcoholic people. Discussion: The basis of the above results may safely be concluded that the alcoholics are highly depressed and extremely anxious than the non-alcoholic people. However, the high prevalence of these anxiety and depressives’ symptoms does not necessarily mean that these alcoholic individuals will demonstrate the long term course or require the long term treatments associated with DSM-III-R major depressive and anxiety disorders. The temporal nature of the association between Depression Anxiety and alcohol is difficult to determine from studies, which uncertainty arising as to whether alcohol is a risk factor or a form of self –medication. The finding of the present study support the findings of Hartka et al, (1991) that reported a significant correlation between baseline consumption of alcohol and depression at follow-up based on data from eight longitudinal studies. However, in this analysis control of confounders was limited to age, gender and interval between measurements. Overall, our findings are contradictory with those of Wang Patten (2001) who observed no excess morbidity among those who drank daily, those who drank in binges (more than five drinks), those who had more than one drink daily, and among drinkers in general. Alcohol dependence was not considered. Similarly, in a randomly selected community cohort with follow-up at 3 and 7 years, Moscato et al (1997) found no excess incidence of depressive symptoms among those with ‘alcohol problems’ (defined as a DSM–IV diagnosis of alcohol dependence or abuse or drinking more than five drinks a day on one or more occasions per week). It may safely be concluded on the bases of previous literature and result of the present study that there is no clear cut casual relationship between depressive and anxiety disorder and alcoholism. In the similar way our findings of the study show that the alcoholics are more depressive and anxious than the non alcoholics. Though it does not show any clear cut picture either alcohol is risk factor for depression and anxiety or depression and anxiety is a risk factor for alcoholism. References Babor, T., Wolfson, A., Boivin, D., Radouco-Thomas, S., Clark, W. (1992). Alcoholism, culture, and psychopathology: A comparative study of French, French Canadian, and American alcoholics. In: Helzer, J., Canino, G. (eds): Alcoholism in North America, Europe, and Asia. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 182-195. Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., Steer, R.A. (1988). â€Å"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric Properties, Journal of Consulting and clinical Psychology; 56:893-897 Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Brown, B.K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory 2nd Ed.). San Antonio. Tx; Psychological Corporation. Chambless, D., Cherney, J., Caputo, G., Rheinstein, B. (1987). Anxiety disorders and alcoholism: A study with inpatient alcoholics. J Anxiety Disord; 1:29-40. Cloninger, C.R., Martin, R.L., Clayton, P., Guze, S.B. (1981). A blind follow-up and family study of anxiety neurosis: preliminary analysis of the St Louis 500, in Anxiety: New Research and changing Concepts, Edited by Klein, D.F., Rabkin, J. New York, Raven Press, Hartka, E., Johnstone, B., Leino,V. (1991). A meta-analysis of depressive symptomatology and alcohol consumption over time. British Journal of Addiction; 86: 1283-1298. Hasegawa, K., Mukasa, H., Nakazawa, Y., HK., Nakamura, K. (1991). Primary and secondary depression in alcoholism-clinical features and family history. Drug Alcohol Depend; 27:275-281. Helzer, J., Pryzbeck, T. (1988). The co-occurrence of alcoholism with other psychiatric disorders in the general population and its impact on treatment. J Stud Alcohol; 49:219-224. Hesselbrock, M., Meyer, R., Keener, J. (1985). Psychopathology in hospitalized alcoholics. Arch Gen Psychiatry; 42:1050- 1055. Keller, M. (1994). Dysthymia in clinical practice: Course, outcome and impact on the community. Acta Psychiatr Scand; 383(Suppl):24-34. Kendler, K., Waiters, E., Neale, M., Kessler, R., Heath, A., Eaves, L. The structure of the genetic and environmental risk factors for six major psychiatric disorders in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52:374-383. Lader, M. (1972). The nature of anxiety. Br J Psychiatry; 121: 481-491. Mendelson, J., Mello, N. (1979). Medical progress: Biologic concomitants of alcoholism. N Engl J Med; 301:912-921. Mendelssohn, V.P. (1963). Depression in incyclopedia of mental health. Vol.II, Franklin Walts, Inc. Merikangas, K., Leckman, J., Prusoff, B., Pauls, D., Weissman, M. (1985). Familial transmission of depression and alcoholism. Arch Gen Psychiatry ; 42:367-372. Meyer, R., Kranzler, H. (1990). Alcohol abuse/dependence and co-morbid anxiety and depression. In: Maser J, Cloninger C (eds): Comorbidity of Mood and Anxiety Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press: 283-292. Moscato, B., Russell, M., Zielezny, M. (1997). Gender differences in the relation between depressive symptoms and alcohol problems: a longitudinal perspective. American Journal of Epidemiology; 146: 966-974. Nathan, P., OBrien, J., Lowenstein, L. (1971). Operant studies of chronic alcoholism: Interaction of alcohol and alcoholics. In: Roach, P., Mclssac, W., Creaven, P. (eds): Biological Aspects of Alcohol. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press;. Nijhawan, H. K. (1972). Anxiety in school children. New Delhi : Wiley Eastern Private Limited. Nunes, E., Quitkin, F., Berman, C. (1988). Panic disorder and depression in female alcoholics. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry; 49:441- 443. Penick, E., Powell, B., Nickel, E., Bingham, S., Riesenmy, K., Read, M. (1994). Comorbidity of lifetime psychiatric disorder among male alcoholic patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res; 18:1289-1293. Regier, D., Farmer, M., Rae, D., Locke, B., Keith, S., Judd, L. (1990). Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: Results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. JAMA; 264:2511-2518. Schuckit, M. (1983). Alcoholic patients with secondary depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140: 711-714. Schuckit, M., Hesselbrock, V. (1994). Alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders: What is the relationship? Am J Psychiatry, 151:1723-1734. Schuckit, M., Irwin, M., Brown, S. (1990) .The history of anxiety symptoms among 171 primary alcoholics. J Stud Alcohol; 51:34-41. Schuckit, M., Irwin, M., Smith, T. (1994). One-year incidence rate of major depression and other psychiatric disorders in 239 alcoholic men. Addiction ; 89:441-445. Schuckit, M., Tipp, J., Bergman, M., Reich, W., Hesselbrock, V., Smith, T. (1997). Comparison of induced and independent major depressive disorder in 2,945 alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry; 154:948-957. Singleton, N. Lewis, G. (2003). Better or Worse: A Longitudinal Study of the Mental Health of Adults Living in Private Households in Great Britain. London: Stationery Office. . Stockwell, T., Hodgson, R., Rankin, H. (1982). Tension reduction and the effects of prolonged alcohol consumption. Br J Addict; 77:65-73. Stockwell, T., Smail, P., Hodgson, R., Canter, S. (1984). Alcohol dependence and phobic anxiety states. II. A retrospective study. Br J Psychiatry; 144:58-63. Swendsen, J., Merikangas, K., Canino,G. (1998). The comorbidity of alcoholism with anxiety and depressive disorders in four geographic communities. Comprehensive Psychiatry; 39:176-184. Torgersen, S. (1986). Childhood and family characteristics in panic and generalized anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry; 143:630-632 Wang, J. Patten, S. B. (2001). Alcohol consumption and major depression: findings from a follow-up study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry; 46: 632-638.

Marketing Analysis of GOD Essay Example for Free

Marketing Analysis of GOD Essay Company Description: GOD is now a fast-growing furniture and furnishings company brand in Hong Kong. They describe them as More Than Just a Furniture Store. GOD is the phonetic sound of the Cantonese slang to live better which a basic human desire all around the world. The founder of GOD Douglas Young and Benjamin Lau opened the first GOD store at Ap Lei Chau in 1996. Within 2 years, two more shops opened in Central and Tsim Sha Tsui respectively. In 2001, GOD has opened a 20,000 sq. ft. flagship store in Causeway Bay. The mission of GOD has always been to define a new Hong Kong identity by exploring age-old oriental traditions and updating them with modern consumers in mind, their demonstrations of the techniques and wisdom of past generations in the east still has a place in the future world. Most of the furniture of GOD is made in China to their stringent standards of quality and workmanship. Their products range from furniture, bathware, kitchenware to even lighting and carpets. Among these various products, furniture occupies the highest proportion of sales revenues. What makes GOD different from other convectional furniture and furnishing company is that all of their furniture is designed by local designers. The company is strongly against todays mass produced and soulless products. The main theme of their furniture is creative, comfortable, and multifunctional. In order to surprise their customers, GOD constantly turns out new items on a weekly basis. Because the marketing strategy in GOD is so clear that make the company become one of the few furniture companies that can still make a profit, and even expand their business, in the time of economy downturn in HK these years. Situation Analysis: 1. SWOT Analysis: Internally, GOD has a management team with designing knowledge which could perfectly apply to the daily management in the company. Small size of management team also benefits the company with the efficient division of  labor. Despite the fact of having numerous competitors with lower price, G.O.D. is still taking the leading role in the industry with its unique offerings of the oriental tradition Asian design in products, as well as the extraordinary decoration in each branch . G.OD is expanding its market share by connecting to other different industries, so as to attract more customers from different aspects. The diversification of production and also the custom made strategy contribute to the company as it prevent excess inventory. Moreover, its own RD team takes a big responsibility in fulfilling the demand of the customers in having a better quality. Other than all those favorable circumstances, G.OD is still encountering certain weaknesses. Due to the short history of establishment, G.O.D. is lack of experience and specialization. Its relatively high price and narrow choice of products has also prevented the visit and purchase of customers. Also, due to the limited capital inflow in the company, GOD is still not able to develop a large RD team; it also regards advertisement as a big burden for the company. Regardless of the success of the manufacturing approach, it, on the other hand, has lead to the high cost of production as it could not achieve the economy of scale. Favorable external factors include the increasing upscale market which people are more concerned about quality of life, there are only few and not well-established local competitors, and as the economic is recovering, there are more opportunities. Ergonomics is one of the most popular topics in furniture industry because the customers perceived value can be raised by introducing it. Unfavorable external factors include the taste of customers which people like international culture more, like Japan. In addition, the favorable investment condition attracts competitor from foreign countries. 2. Industry analysis: The furniture and furnishing industry has a long history in Hong Kong. It includes the production of household, office and furniture, as well as  bedding and parts of furniture. There are 249 furniture manufacturers in Hong Kong, employing more than 704 people as at Sep 2002. Around 90% of them are small companies engaging less than 10 people . Although it is not the major industry in the local market, the competition is very keen. In terms of market segmentation, the current furniture industry in Hong Kong is generally divided into three main categories: high-end, middle-end and lower-end market. However, in the past, the craft-based, labor-intensive furniture industry was one of the oldest industries in Hong Kong. It was developed to meet local demands. At that time, the furniture industry was dominated by a large number of small firms and could be divided into three major sectors, namely, wooden furniture, rattan furniture and metal furniture . After the economic crisis in 1998, many small companies went bankrupt and customers incentive on buying furniture was lower. To maintain their competitive power, many large companies strive to reduce their costs and increase their efficiency. Some relocate their manufacturing operations to other areas with lower operation costs like Mainland China. Foreign manufacturers are taking steps to strengthen their domestic production through production specialization. Hong Kongs furniture makers also start to establish their own brands and some concept stores in order to develop their unique product lines to differentiate their firms from the others. Companies like GOD and Franc Franc are the most apparent examples which produce products with Hong Kong local characteristics and Japanese culture respectively. Recently, due to the economic recovery and the change of customer trend, people are going to be responsive to the new trends and design of furniture. Thus, the industry is going to produce products to cater the needs of Hong Kong people. Also, many furniture manufacturers become more careful about the choice of raw materials to meet international standards, such as compliance with legal or other environmental requirements in their target markets. Because of the limited living space in Hong Kong, the industry produces the furniture which is highly practical and multi- functional. Moreover, most of them embrace innovative designs and combinations of furnishings which allow them to save home spaces and provide a sense of style and modernism. To cater the growing trend and design of furniture which correspond to their taste and lifestyle, the industry produces DIY furniture which can let consumers to make their unique furniture with their own styles. Moreover, most of them are made of the environmental friendly materials for production. 3. Competitor Analysis: Competitors in relevant market: There are three main competitors of GOD in Hong Kong, accordingly Franc Franc, IKEA and PRICERITE. Their target market segments do not necessarily the same but do have some overlapping as they both target on the market segments of middle-income level families. Further, the mission of their competitors also stress on developing a new concept of life style to Hong Kong people. Franc Francs company would invest over 30 million dollars in Hong Kong and expect there will be 36 million HK dollars gross profit in the first year. There will also be 2 or 3 new branches opened in the next few years. They will be mainly located in some big shopping malls. IKEA have 4 branches in Hong Kong mainly located near big housing town. IKEA is the most well known furniture company in Hong Kong due to the massive advertising programs. The concepts of their design are simple, multi-functional and sustainable. They also have a successful and well-developed customer service system which helps them to develop the loyalty of their customers. PRICERITEs target group mainly focuses on lower income families. They  provide a relatively low price to their customers, thus helping them to develop a low cost, comfortable and multifunctional living environment. They have over 45 branches in Hong Kong so as consumers can easily find a PRICERITE nearby. Comparative advantages: 1. GODUniqueness of local culture In these years, many industries especially those expose frequently to young people like filmdom and musical industry, advocate local original design and innovation. This atmosphere makes young people create a good feeling to Hong Kong local products. Today, GOD is the unique furniture store with strong Hong Kong concept. What Hong Kong concept here means is Hong Kongs own culture and social atmosphere. GOD is a local brand and all of their exclusive designers are local. GOD claims their products have soul because their products can turn out local peoples opinion and attitude to lives. It can attract a group of Hong Kong new generation who like to show off their characters and tastes by their home furniture . 2. Franc FrancAdhere to Japanese-styled goods The trend in Japan always is a benchmark for the young people in Hong Kong. It is because the young people in Hong Kong think Japanese always stand on the tips of the trend. Thus, most of them are adherent to Japanese-styled goods. Many Japanese brands like Fancl and Sanrio have successfully developed their business in Hong Kong. Their successes are also based on this reason. Franc Franc is the sole furniture concept store with Japanese style in Hong Kong. This make it exclusively enjoys the adherent from Hong Kong young people in this market . 3. IKEACost Leadership To provide goods with high quality at relatively low prices, IKEA drives tough bargains with its suppliers in order to employ lowest cost suppliers  of raw and semi-finished goods from all over the world. IKEA Also, their products developers seek out manufacturers who can produce in the most cost-effective way and designers always work with solutions that result in a low price. This cost-focused supply chain model results in getting the goods with cheapest price and good quality.

Differences Between MIPV4 And MIPV6

Differences Between MIPV4 And MIPV6 With the fast growth in the numbers of the mobile and handheld devices that are connected to the internet, the current IPv4 protocol is not able to cover all theses growth number of IP addresses. This is why the Internet Protocol IPv6 has been developed. Mobile IPv6 is an essential mandatory feature of the IPv6 that has been built to enable mobility for mobile device in IP networks. Mobile IPv6 specification is still uncompleted, so the protocol most likely will has some changes in the future. Security of mobile IPv6 is an essential part; it will be discuss in detail in this chapter. In addition of the mobility feature for the mobile IPv6, IPSec is also a mandatory feature that is required for IPv6 to provide data security and services for communication in IP networks and application layer protocols of TCP/IP. IPSec is used to protect Mobile IPv6 from the security threats, but there are still some issues that need to be solved. 6.1 Differences between MIPv4 and MIPv6 MIPv6 is the next generation standard for Mobile IP after MIPv4, the following is the main differences between MIPv4 and MIPv6: Foreign agent, MIPv6 rely on DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) server or router advertisements on the foreign network to get a care-of address (CoA), this scenario make the mobile device to operate in any place without requiring any additional support from the local router, because it does not depend on the foreign agent to issue the care-of address as in MIPv4. Home agent address discovery, IPv6 is has a feature called anycast that send data to the nearest or best receiver. With this feature mobile device can send update to the home agent any cast address. In this case, if there are multiple home agents on the network, the nearest home agent will send the response to the mobile device. By this feature, scalability and redundancy can be provided to the network by keeping track several home agents. Security, Both Mipv6 and Mipv4 provide data security by using Virtual Private Network (VPN) solution. Once the mobile device traveling outside its home network and connecting to the foreign network; Mipv4 use IPSec v4 (Internet Protocol Security) and VPN Solution. Mipv6 use IPSec v6 and VPN solution. Route Optimization, When the mobile device leave its own network and connect to other network , it get a new care-of address and then inform the home agent with this address, then the home agent record the new Care-of address in its binding table. MIPv6 has direct routing packet feature that routing between mobile device and the correspondent nodes that existed on the IPv6 network. All packets destined to the mobile device home address will be intercept by the home agent then tunnel them to its Care-of address. In case of MIPv4 traffic between correspondent node and the mobile device must go through the home agent. But in case of MIPv6 the correspondent node caches the Care-of address by using route optimization MIPv6 and then transfers the packets directly to the mobile device as it shown in the figure 1 [1]. Figure- 1 Route Optimization in MIPv6 6.2 Mobile IPv6 Security Threats Mobile IP v6 has been developed to provide mobility and security for IPv6 as same as MIPv4. MIPv6 introduce different security threats as following [3]: 1. Threats against Binding Updates sent to home agents: a attacker might claim that a certain mobile device is currently at a different location than it really is. If the home agent accepts the information sent to it as is, the mobile device might not get traffic destined to it, and other nodes might get traffic they didnt want. 2. Threats against route optimization with correspondent nodes: A malicious mobile device might lie about its home address. A malicious mobile device might send a correspondent node binding updates in which the home address is set to the address of another node, the victim. If the correspondent node accepted this forged binding update, then communications between the correspondent node and the victim would be disrupted, because packets that the correspondent node intended to send to the victim would be sent to the wrong care-of address. This is a threat to confidentiality as well as availability, because an attacker might redirect packets meant for another node to itself in order to learn the content of those packets. A malicious mobile device might lie about its care-of address. A malicious mobile device might send a correspondent node binding updates in which the care-of address is set to the address of a victim node or an address within a victim network. If the correspondent node accepted this forged binding update, then the malicious mobile could trick the correspondent into sending data to the victim node or the victim network; the correspondents replies to messages sent by the malicious mobile will be sent to the victim host or network. This could be used to cause a distributed denial of service attack; the malicious mobile could trick a large number of servers so that they all send a large amount of data to the same victim node or network. A malicious node might also send a large number of invalid binding updates to a victim correspondent node. If each invalid binding update took a significant amount of resources (such as CPU) to process before it could be recognized as invalid, then it might be possible to cause a denial of service attack by sending the correspondent so may invalid binding updates that it has no resources left for other tasks. An attacker might also replay an old binding update. An attacker might attempt to disrupt a mobile devices communications by replaying a binding update that the node had sent earlier. If the old binding update was accepted, packets destined for the mobile node would be sent to its old location and not its current location. 3. Threats where MIPv6 correspondent node functionality is used to launch reflection attacks against other parties. The Home Address Option can be used to direct response traffic against a node whose IP address appears in the option, without giving a possibility for ingress filtering to catch the forged return address. 4. Threats where the tunnels between the mobile device and the home agent are attacked to make it appear like the mobile node is sending traffic while it is not. 5. Threats where IPv6 Routing Header which is employed in MIPv6 is used to circumvent IP-address based rules in firewalls or to reflect traffic from other nodes. The generality of the Routing Header allows the kind of usage that opens vulnerabilities, even if the usage that MIPv6 needs is safe. 6. The security mechanisms of MIPv6 may also be attacked themselves, e.g. in order to force the participants to execute expensive cryptographic operations or allocate memory for the purpose of keeping state. Most of the above threats are concerned with denial of service. Some of the threats also open up possibilities for man-in-the-middle, hijacking, and impersonation attacks. 6.3 Securing the Binding Update: MIPv6 is a host routing protocol, developed to modify the normal routing for a specific host. As it changes the way of sending packets to the host[4]. The binding update tell a correspondent node of the new care-of address, a correspondent node authenticate the binding update and verifying that it doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t from the manipulated node . In order to successfully authenticate the update the mobile device and the correspondent node need to establish security association and share secret key. IPSec in transport mode is used between home agent and its mobile device in order to secure the MIPv6 message such as binding update. 6.4 Summery Mobile IP is used to maintain communications while the IP address is changing. Mobile IPv6 is much optimized and deployable than Mobile IPv4, like direct communication between the correspondent node and mobile device, even though Mobile IPv6 is still uncompleted; the issues have been with the security of the protocol.

Essay --

Do the names Chaucer, Webster, or Dickens ring any bells? They are only a few of the greatest English poets, playwrights, and novelists of all time! Their writings have influenced many poets and novelists over the years and still influence new authors today. One of the most influential authors in English literature is Geoffrey Chaucer, whom many thought of as â€Å"the greatest English poet of the Middle ages†. Chaucer is known for Troilus and Criseyde, The Book of Duchess, and The Canterbury Tales. Troilus and Criseyde, tells the tragic story of the Trojan prince Troilus, falling in love with Criseyde. With the help of Pandarus, her uncle, Troilus wins Criseyde’s heart. Calchas, Criseyde’s father, persuades the Greeks to release Antenor, a prisoner of war, in exchange for his daughter. Troilus tells Criseyde he wants to elope, but instead Criseyde promises to return in ten days. Upon arriving with the Greeks, she soon realizes she won’t be able to keep her promise and decides to accept Diomedes, the Greek warrior and king, as her new lover. Another acclaimed work of Chaucer’s is The Boo...

The Real Monster, Victor Frank Essay -- essays research papers

The Real Monster, victor frankenstein   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mary Shelley's narrative, Frankenstein is the story of Victor Frankenstein and his creation. 'It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils…by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs.(52)'; This was the time and the place in which the creature came to life. Victor Frankenstein thought that his creation was a hideous monster, but his ignorance blinded him from the truth. In veracity, Victor Frankenstein was the real monster this was evident from his selfishness, from his cruelty and rejection of his creation, and because he indirectly caused the deaths of his own family and friends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The selfishness shown by Victor Frankenstein is just one of the traits that shows that he is the monster. His selfish attitude is visible throughout the whole story. In the beginning when he first discovers the cause of generation and life, he does not tell anyone about it. He thinks, 'The astonishment which I had first experienced on this discovery soon gave place to delight and rapture…What had been the study and desire of the wisest men since the creation of the world was now within my grasp. (47)'; This type of selfish thinking entails excessive pride and self-glory with disregard to the good of others. Another example of selfishne...

Whose Sentence is it Anyway?

The title of this lesson is â€Å"Whose Sentence is it Anyway?†Ã‚   It is based on the TV show â€Å"Whose Line is it Anyway?† and is a lesson designed to improve the language arts skills of the students.   Under this lesson plan, the subjects, in this case the students, must be able to complete the sentence that is given to them by the instructor.   The goal of these learning exercises is to be able to improve the emphasized language arts strand related to the presentation of English words and sentences. An integral part in the learning of language arts has always been the understanding of how certain words, when used in different order and context, have different meanings and are able to convey a totally different message from what was originally intended.   The key component of these exercises in learning the language arts lies in the entertainment value of such and also the group work that is involved, in an attempt to also encourage social interactions among the students. The main concept to be taught in these exercises involves the understanding of Basic English sentence structures and the use of punctuations in sentences.   Incidental to these learning exercises is the necessity for the students to possess a basic understanding of the many uses of certain words of the English language.   This lesson plan also helps students deal with different social situations and shows what the appropriate responses are to these situations by demonstrating the effects when a proper response is not given as opposed to how effective communication can be when the proper response is provided. The structure of the lesson plan will follow the basic outline as reproduced within this report. Language Arts Activity: Complete the Silly Sentence Emphasized Language Arts Strand: Presenting I. The Basic Concepts: Sentence structure and use of English vocabulary II. Behavioral Objectives The students are expected to learn how to form complete and correct sentences. The students are also expected to be able to relate and interpret how different subjects, verbs and adjectives relate to one another in completing sentences. III. Materials: A container marked â€Å"Feelings† or â€Å"Adjectives†, which contains ten laminated cards with different feelings or adjectives written on them A container marked â€Å"Action† with ten laminated cards with different actions written on them A container marked â€Å"Person† with ten laminated cards with different people or occupations written on them Laminated â€Å"Complete Sentence† cards Small dry erase board and dry erase markers. IV. Teaching/ Learning Procedures: A student is to be chosen as the â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† of the group while another student is chosen to be the recorder.   The â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† takes one of the laminated strips from each of the three labeled containers.   The three strips drawn should form a silly sentence that the â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† must attempt to express without the use of words.   The other students must guess what the words written on each card were and attempt to put these words together to form the silly sentence. Card subjects may be guessed one at a time such that when one card is guessed the recorder writes it on the board.   The first student to correctly guess all three card subjects together and thus forming a complete sentence receives a â€Å"Complete Sentence† card and becomes the next â€Å"Pantomime Presenter†.   The previous â€Å"Pantomime Presenter† now becomes the recorder.   The first student to collect five â€Å"Complete Sentence† cards is awarded with an activity pass which entitles student to five minutes extra center time. V. Evaluation: The teacher evaluates the student’s understanding by observing the game playing activity and by helping to clarify questions or problems when needed.

Abortion: Notecards Essay

1) Who’s having abortions (age)? 50% of women obtaining abortions in the U.S. are younger than 25: Women aged 20-24 obtain 33% of all abortions; Teenagers obtain 17% and girls under 15 account for 1.2%. 2) Who’s having abortions (race)? While white women obtain 60% of all abortions, their abortion rate is well below that of minority women. Black women are more than 3 times as likely as white women to have an abortion, and Hispanic women are roughly 2 times as likely. See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay 3) Who’s having abortions (marital status)? 66% of all abortions are performed on never-married women; Married women account for 18.4% of all abortions and divorced women obtain 9.4%. 4) Who’s having abortions (religion)? Women identifying themselves as Protestants obtain 43% of all abortions in the U.S.; Catholic women account for 27%, Jewish women account for 1.3%, and women with no religious affiliation obtain 23.7% of all abortions. 18% of all abortions are performed on women who identify themselves as â€Å"Born-again/Evangelical†. 5) Who’s having abortions (income)? Women with family incomes less than $15,000 obtain 28.7% of all abortions; Women with family incomes between $15,000 and $29,999 obtain 19.5%; Women with family incomes between $30,000 and $59,999 obtain 38.0%; Women with family incomes over $60,000 obtain 13.8%. 6) Why women have abortions 1% of all abortions occur because of rape or incest; 6% of abortions occur because of potential health problems regarding either the mother or child, and 93% of all abortions occur for social reasons (i.e. the child is unwanted or inconvenient). 7) Likelihood of abortion: An estimated 35% of all women will have at least 1 abortion by the time they are 45 years old. 47% of all abortions are performed on women who have had at least one previous abortion. 8) Abortion coverage: 67% of all abortion facilities offer at least some abortion services after the 12th week of pregnancy. 9 in 10 managed care plans routinely cover abortion or provide limited coverage. About 14% of all abortions in the United States are paid for with public funds, virtually all of which are state funds. 16 states (CA, CT, HI, ED, IL, MA , MD, MD, MN, MT, NJ, NM, NY, OR, VT, WA and WV) pay for abortions for some poor women. Facts about risks: 9) FUTURE ECTOPIC PREGNANCIES: * Studies point out that the risk of an ectopic or tubal (not in the uterus but in the tubes that lead to the uterus) ;pregnancy is 30% higher for women who have had one abortion, and up to four times higher for women with two or more abortions. * When a woman has an Ectopic pregnancy she has a 12% risk of dying in a future pregnancy. 10) PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID): * 5% of women suffer PID following induced (or surgical) abortion. PID can lead to fever and infertility (not being able to get pregnant again). * There is a 23% higher risk of infection if you have an STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease). * 40% of the sexually active are suspected carriers of STDs. 11) BREAST CANCER: Reputable studies suggests that women who abort face a 50% increase in breast cancer. If the woman has a family history of breast cancer, this rate doubles with each successive abortion, if the woman is under 18 or over 30 years of age when the abortion takes place. 12) ABRUPTIO PLACENTA: Abruptio Placenta is a condition in pregnancy where the sac holding the baby (the placenta) tears away from the uterine lining. This can result in extreme and severe life-threatening bleeding. Women who have experienced abortion have a 600% increase in their risk for Abruptio Placenta in future pregnancies. 13) INFERTILITY: Infertility and sterility mean that a woman cannot get pregnant. Abortion causes sterility in 2-5% of the women who have an abortion. 14) PSYCHOLOGICAL/EMOTIONAL TRAUMA: 50% of women who have had abortions report experiencing emotional and psychological problems lasting for months or years. 15) Fact: Laws restricting teen access to abortion are coercive. Laws in 46 states and the District of Columbia allow mothers who are under 18 to place their children for adoption without involving their parents, but many of those same states require parental notification or consent before these young women can obtain abortions. 16) Fact: Each year, one million American teenagers become pregnant, and 78% of these pregnancies are unintended. Four in every five Americans begin having intercourse before age 20. Many of the youngest women in this group (70% of those age 13 or under) report having had sex forced on them. By the time they turn 20, about 40% of American women have been pregnant at least once. * Statistics: * Nearly 1 in 4 (22%) of pregnancies end in abortion * 50% of women now seeking abortion have had at least one previous abortion. * The U.S. abortion rate is among the highest of developed countries. * 51% of abortions are performed on women less than 25 years of age.

Different Leadership Theories on Premier Inn

Different Leadership Theories on Premier Inn The theories which are followed by the  Premier Inn  are now being described in the below: 1. Great Man Theories of Leadership in Premier Inn| This based on the conviction in  Premier Inn  that leaders are outstanding populace, instinctive with inborn qualities, destined to show the way. The make use of of the expression ‘man' was deliberate because until the concluding part of the 20th  century management was contemplation of as a thought that is primarily gentleman, martial and Western.This actually led to the after that school of Trait Theories which is discussed in the below:| 2. Trait Theories of leadership in Premier Inn| This is actually the lists of traits or qualities connected through management which survive in great quantity and continue to be produced is called trait theory. They draw on practically each and every one the adjectives in the lexicon which explain a number of positive or virtuous people characteri stic, from purpose to zest for life. | 3.Behaviorist Theories of leadership in Premier Inn| These actually think on what leaders in fact do somewhat than on their characters. These different patterns of behavior are now experiential and categorized as ‘the styles of leadership'. | 4. Situational Leadership in Premier Inn| This theory sees management as specific to the circumstances in which it is organism exercised. For example, at the same time as some situations may necessitate a tyrannical style, others may need a more participative advance. | 5.Contingency Theory of leadership in Premier Inn| This theory is a modification of the situational perspective and focuses on to the  Ã‚  identifying of the situational variables which best forecast the most suitable or efficient leadership style to fit the scrupulous conditions. | 6. Transactional Theory of leadership in Premier Inn| This theory emphasizes on the significances of the association between person in charge and follow ers, focusing on the communal benefits resultant from a form of agreement through which the leader delivers such things as plunders or acknowledgment in revisit for the promise or devotion of the followers. |

Japanese words for business

KaizenAdopted from Nipponese word, intending uninterrupted betterment, typically for fabrication and concern activities, and the use of kaizen besides depend on how it been interpreted. By utilizing kaizen at the position of concern and workplace, it normally refers to go on betterment to all maps of concern, high from the executives or direction degree, down to the assembly line operators. Kaizen aims to minimise the outgo of resources by bettering standardize activities and procedures.KanbanAdopted from Nipponese word, intending signboard or hoarding. It serves as a signaling system, and is usage to trip action at the assembly line or store floor. In early old ages, kanban utilizations cards, plastic markers and golf balls to signal the demand of points or floor location stock list is running low, this trigger supply, motions, production of a unit in mill. Kanban finally become a really effectual manner to back up the whole production system for running smooth. It besides good in a dvancing betterments by cut downing measure of kanban in circulation highlighted job countries.Six SigmaSix Sigma is a smarter manner to pull off a concern or a section. Six Sigma puts the client foremost and uses facts and informations to drive better solutions. Six Sigma attempts mark three chief countries: I ) Bettering client satisfaction two ) Reducing rhythm clip three ) Reducing defects Improvements in these countries normally represent dramatic cost salvaging to concerns, every bit good as chances to retain clients, capture new markets, and construct a repute for top-performing merchandise and services. Although it involves mensurating and analysing an organisation ‘s concern procedure, Six Sigma is non simply a quality enterprise ; it is a concern enterprise. Achieving the end of Six Sigma require more than little, incremental betterments ; it require discovery in every country of an operation. In statistical footings, making Six Sigma means that the procedure or merchandise will execute with about no defects.Just-In-Time ( JIT )An stock list scheme for better the net income return on the concern investing by diminishing in-process stock list and associated carrying costs. JIT relies on Kanban to function as an indicant signal to state production when to do the following portion. If it is implemented right, JIT can significantly better return of fabrication investing, quality, effectivity and efficiency. In JIT doctrine, stock list is waste and incurring cost, so the just-in-time stock list system focal point is holding the right stuff, at the right clip, at the right topographic point, and in the exact sum, without the safety cyberspace of stock list, this encourages concerns to extinguish stock list that does non counterbalance for fabricating procedure issues, and more emphasize to invariably better those procedures that require less stock list.Entire Quality Management ( TQM )Entire Quality Management is an sweetening to the traditional manner to making concern. It is proved technique to vouch endurance in universe category competition. Merely by altering the actions of direction will the civilization and actions of an full organisation be transformed. TQM is for the most portion common sense. By analysing the three words, Entire – Made up the whole. Quality – Degree of excellence a merchandise or service provides. Management – Act, art, or mode of handling, commanding, directing, etc. Therefore, TQM is the art of pull offing the whole to accomplish excellence. TQM is defined as both a doctrine and a set of steering rules that represent the foundation of a continuously bettering organisation. It is the application of quantitative methods and human resources to better all the procedures within an organisation and transcend client demands now and in the hereafter. TQM six basic constructs: 1. A committed and involved direction to supply long-run top-to-bottom organisation support. 2. An firm focal points on the client, both internally and externally. 3. Effective engagement and use of the full work force. 4. Continuous betterment of the concern and production procedure. 5. Treating provider as spouses. 6. Establish public presentation steps for the procedures. Computer Aided Process Planning Process planning of a portion or merchandise in fabrication, with the aided of computing machine engineering. It is closely link to CAD and CAM which provides informations and information for the planning of the procedure to be used to manufacture a designed portion. Procedure planning is finding the sequence flow of each fabricating operations that needed to bring forth a merchandise or portion. It is documented in a signifier of route sheet consist of listing of production operations and assigned or related machine tools for an assembly or work portion. CAPP is defines as the systematic finding of fabricating methods and operation inside informations by which parts can be produced economically and expeditiously from natural stuffs to complete merchandise. Two common types of system are -Variant/Retrieval System -Generative System A variant system retrieves a standard procedure program from a CAPP database and allows the contriver or applied scientist to modify it for the new portion. The database is organized by group engineering ( GT ) into households of parts with similar processing demands. A productive system uses a cognition base of regulations gathered from experts mechanics to make a single procedure program from abrasion. Initial Graphic Exchange Specification ( IGES )

Advantages Of Car Tuning

Advantages Of Car Tuning Youve got your brand-new car from the shop. I understand you are very much excited about it. As soon as you wake up in the morning you ran to the garage to find out if your car is around. Your buddies are coming to a location to have a sight of it. This makes you believe that youre on peak of the planet. As soon as you return from your workplace youre prepared for a very long drive along with your pals. These days youre so much busy with your own dream. But allow me tell you something that together with the passing of time the performance of your cars retards because of wear and tear of several pieces of your cars. So what would you do then? You may sell off and find a brand new one! Remember you have to work very difficult to make single buck. Itll be not a reasonable option to do so. However, you cannot also proceed with a very low performance car. Do not worry! Theres a way out too. Only get your car and that is about to delight in the joy of a brand-new car with an older one. Your money will also be saved. Is not a good idea! Car tuning has become a hobby for a lot of men and women. They love to change their cars according to their wish. In reality tuning your car is your perfect way to boost performance of your car. It entails some strategies to alter the car so as to raise its own potentialities. In reality car tuning can help you to customize your car. Its possible to alter these parts where you only desire to give your car a personal touch. Nowadays owners are researching endless procedures for pruning to make the most of the potentialities of the one. Boosting Power Throughout Car Tuning There are numerous innovative methods to upgrade your cars performance in both the small and larger parts of your car. Car pruning may take on the various characteristics of your car that may independently contribute to upgrading and improving your car, and of course the security and durability that it supplies. In the area of good engine tuning, car engines may be retrofitted with a performance processor to provide it a particular boost. It may be adaptable to motors in their own fuel injection or digital control apparatus systems. This performance chip may quickly bring about better performance of their typical engines by up to 10 percent and also to turbo engines by up to 30 horsepower. In car pruning, a performance camera might also be installed including an additional 12 horsepower to your engine boost. The gas pressure regulator may be substituted using a power boost valve at the return fuel line to similarly increase the ability of your car. With improvements in the driving capability, you can even introduce extra modifications to its stopping power via brake performance tuning. In fact, its advisable that you equip your car with an upgraded braking system before presenting car power modifications. Even though it isnt thought to be a performance update, the steering can help in the performance and security of the car. In car pruning, an immediate means to improve braking would be to match your car with high performance brake pads and split disks which could withstand intense heat during extreme braking requirements better than regular disks and pads. Air filter pruning is considered the easiest in car tuning tasks. Air filters and air filter components can be substituted with high performance air filters for an exceptional power boost on your motor performance. Theres also the cho ice of working with an induction kit to boost air flow within a fuel-injection system rather than working with the air box. This kit comes with a conical filter that can be installed right within the air flow estimate and also direct the air better in the motor, which effectively updates the search engines performance. Ford Racing Spare Parts For Peace of Mind Whether you ride in a Costly limo or drive a Decades old car that is not worth a whole lot, your vehicles reliability is dependent upon how well you keep it. All vehicles that travel the streets need servicing at regular intervals from accredited and/or trained mechanisms. Routine check-ups help ascertain if your car requires any parts replaced. A faulty portion can lead to damage to your motor vehicle. Ford racing spare parts is considered higher quality options for your motor vehicle. You dont need to bother about the durability of this Replaced component, if you opt to purchase ford racing spare parts. They include no-questions-asked replacement warranty within a predetermined interval. This time frame typically exceeds the life span of spares from some other brands. Therefore, when picking racing parts ford parts become popular desired. These spares are made readily available for many car types from Hatchbacks, sedans, and SUVs, to trucks, sports cars, and solar and hybrids and f uel cell powered vehicles. With such a wide selection of merchandise on the current market, its not surprising that ford performance parts racing are highly desired by car lovers and mechanics alike. The Reason for the immense popularity of ford racing Spare parts is your companys unmatched emphasis on quality at every phase of the production. Quality isnt assessed but assembled into the product in the production site of those spares. Rigorous quality tests are conducted for raw materials, supplies, the spare part in various phases of manufacturing, and the final spare part too. While the price of those spare parts is marginally greater than other similar components, its well spent. In the long term, you could save money by purchasing ford racing spares. You must factor in how long parts will operate and their warranty. Spending the first time will save money rather than purchasing new spares.

Design user interface of interactive systems Essay - 1

Design user interface of interactive systems - Essay Example Keeping in view the stakeholders and the requirements of the proposed system, the first idea for the dashboard design is to consolidate and arrange the required information in a way that it would be displayed on a single screen to inform the user regarding the desired weather conditions. In the first idea it is proposed that the widgets including daily and weekly temperature along with seven days of the week would be shown at the left side bar on the dashboard screen, whereas, the images (sunny, cloudy, rainy) along with location screen would be displayed at the middle and right below corner of the dashboard. And the remaining widgets including the date and location (user input) for determining the weather forecast would be placed horizontally at the top of the screen. In the second idea, it is proposed that all the information would be displayed on the weather forecast image i-e sunny, cloudy or rainy. The information includes: the minimum and maximum temperature of daily and weekly along with each of the upcoming week. Moreover, the user input would also be taken from the same screen of the dashboard. After the brainstorming session and keeping in view the stakeholders and requirements of the system, it has been decided to select the first idea of the dashboard design for developing the Wireframe. The justification for selecting the first idea over the second idea is the simplicity, easy to use (usability), all the contents are separated by sections to differentiate between the user input as well as the output. Whereas, the second idea would contain all the information on the image, therefore, it might cause to confuse the users. The conceptual design tools have helped me out to determine the contents of the design along with their placement. The brainstorming sessions, card sort, semantic networks, and cognitive walk-through tools assist me to determine new widgets for the weather forecast system

Course Project Part 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Course Project Part 2 - Coursework Example These two ground are enough to take up this project. Depreciation is a non cash expense and it is also tax deductible. The depreciation is first reduced from the operating income to get earnings before interest and taxes. The amount of depreciation deducted is then added back in the cash flow statements to get the operating cash flows. We know that the net present value is determined by the cash flows expected from the project therefore; this non cash expense eventually increases the cash flows of the project. Ultimately, the net present value of the cash flows will increase which is beneficial for the company. In addition to the above, a company which opts for straight line depreciation method will have equal positive cash flows every year. For example: Depreciation of $100,000 per year, with an income tax of 35%, saves $35,000 of taxes each year and that amount is accounted as a positive cash flow. This amount is also known as the depreciation tax shield. Sunk Cost is a sum of money which has already been spent and it is not recoverable. It is essential to understand because many people feel intuitively that if an investment is made then it is essential to get a return on it. This will lead to rejection of one course of action which favors the other one to actually generate smaller cash flows. One needs to understand that sunk costs are irrelevant to financial decisions. Opportunity cost is a profit that is forgone by not investing in a particular opportunity. This is particularly true when there are mutually exclusive projects and you have to choose the best out of two good projects. The profit forgone from not choosing the other project is your opportunity cost (Shim & Siegel, 2008). Erosion is the slow but sure redirection of funds from profitable sections or projects within a business to new project and areas. It is considered to be an investment in the long, money flowing in new

Marketing planning for Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing planning for Starbucks - Essay Example People enjoy coffee while reading books, listening music or just gossip with friends and family. Specifically matching the regional culture and taste, the company strategically placed their products. It was one amongst the Fortune 100 top companies in the year 2005 to work for . Section 1: Marketing Audits Organizational Audit In order to understand the company’s strength and weaknesses, opportunity and threats the SWOT analysis of the firm has been performed to find the internal and the external environmental situation of the company. SWOT Analysis Strength Product diversification- huge range of products like coffee, baked foods, music cds etc. Well known developed brand image with online presence and copyright logo. The company has their own retail and international stores and don’t depend on franchisee. The locations of the stores are very strategically placed to attract more customers. †¢ The locations of the stores are very strategically placed to attract more customers. With good working environment the company possess valued and very motivated workforce. The company have good relation with the suppliers of Coffee and other requirements. Starbucks is the market leader of the Coffee industry. Customers are loyal to the brand The company is located internationally Starbucks has a very strong financial establishment which helps the company to invest in the process of expansion. Weaknesses The company is less focused in its internal processes rather it mainly concentrates on the expansion plans. The growing market and modern lifestyle of people are growing demand for new competitors in the market which can’t be controlled by the company. Too many shops within a small area can affect the business. The products offered by Starbucks are little expensive than its competitors thus it’s a weakness for the company to grab the budget market. Opportunities The company has great opportunity to enter the retail market with its expansion plan. Technological advancement can bring new techniques to manage their processes. The company can introduce new distribution channel and start delivery service for the customers directly to their place. New product development is another opportunity for the firm to grab the market with its new launch. Emerging market outside the country into developing nation can be a very good prospect for the company. Starbucks can ex pand in many more areas even within the country thus domestic market can also be a good opportunity for the firm. Threats The growing competition from restaurants, supermarkets, and other coffee shops offering same kind of products to the customers and other coffee products are the major threats for the company. The U.S market is reaching its saturation point which will restrict the firms plan for farther expansion in the market. The instability of the Coffee price in developing countries can be difficult for the firm to maintain its price policy constant for all the countries where the company operates. In supplying countries of coffee beans the farmers are not well treated and thus results in

Is the institutionalisation of social movements inevitably Essay

Is the institutionalisation of social movements inevitably emasculating - Essay Example These movements make demands through various means like lobbying, protesting and other campaigns. This is in contrast with the historic system of overthrows whereby people, mainly men, with dissatisfaction with a given regime, used various means to either overthrow the entire government or military cessations that led to a complete revolution and change in the nation. This paper examines whether the institutionalisation of social movements are emasculating or not. Hence, this research paper will examine the following research question: whether the institutionalisation of social movements is inevitably emasculating or not. To this end, the paper critiques various theories and concepts of social movements and its impact. The paper will draw on contemporary and historical examples in order to critique the topic in order to synthesise different concepts and theories to draw conclusions on the fundamental research question. In previous times, protest groups were seen to be an affront to the nation and to the authorities of the state (Marx, 1974). Therefore, the governments, police and authorities in these different nations and communities used informants to spy on these protest groups in order to get inside information about these protesters in order to make arrests (Marx, 1974) . Examples of these situations and phenomenon include totalitarian regimes like Tsarist Russia, the Soviet Union, North Korea and other nations. These countries used various approaches and means to gain information and feedback about protest groups. However, in the West today and in most parts of the world which are democratic, the attitudes and approaches to protests are different. Save for a few countries like Egypt and North Korea today, most countries are nations with freedom of speech and the right to free association. Nations like the United States and the United Kingdom have also come a long way. And the previous system of viewing

Sales planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sales planning - Assignment Example The product that has been considered in this paper is fashion garments. A proper and efficient marketing strategy contributes towards the financial success of a company. I consider that a marketing manager should have the ability to establish relationships with customers that will prove beneficial to the company. He should learn to assess the demands of customers and accordingly communicate and deliver goods and services to them. In the era of digital technology consumers can easily access various websites to compare prices and quality of goods, therefore I feel a marketing strategy must include advertisements which provide messages that are true to the nature and quality of the product or service. The primary element is to develop plans to learn the market trends and observe competition. To implement such plans is â€Å"both an art and a science† (Kotler & Keller, 24). I think it is the responsibility of a firm to keep its marketing managers continuously informed to facilitate them while developing and implementing marketing decisions. Marketing managers can analyze problems by constant knowledge of current sales, costs and inventory levels. This will help them to create strategies accordingly. The principle objective of marketing is to increase sales by attracting customers through advertisements and other promotional strategies. Marketing research is conducted for getting valuable insights about market trends, and customers’ preferences in order to understand and estimate customer needs. Based on the market research data and information, marketing managers plan their marketing strategies. The main issues that a marketing researcher concentrates on include target customers, requirements of these customers, markets areas that have most potential for the concerned product, transport facilities, reasons why customers need the product, the activities of competitors

Judith Jarvis Thomson's argument for limited abortion rights Essay

Judith Jarvis Thomson's argument for limited abortion rights - Essay Example Thomson takes issue with this assessment, arguing that a fetus cannot be equated with a born individual since the moment of conception, although she concedes that it is very difficult to exactly ascertain when a developing fetus deserves recognition as a human being. The other point she makes is that on what grounds would pro-lifers oppose abortion when the pregnancy was the result of a rape. Judith Thomson is essentially trying to differentiate between cases of pregnancies that result due to negligence or indifference of either of the partners, and those which arise due to crime. It is on such grounds that the author expects special rights be granted for pregnant women to choose. She also thinks that it is unfair for anti-abortionists to expect a woman to invest so much of her physical and mental resources on a child that she does not want in the first place. The pregnant woman also carries the risk of complications during childbirth, which in some cases could even cost her life. She argues that those who talk about rights of unborn babies should also consider the risk of life to the woman who is carrying the baby. Here too, Thomson asks for special concessions to be made for pregnant woman who fall under high-risk category, namely those who ha ve a history of complications, those who are physically weak or anemic, those who are too poor to take care of themselves, etc. Hence, the author is not in support of indiscriminate practice of abortion, but rather implores the readers to consider the vast gray areas in the issue and seeks a moderate approach from the lawmakers and the society at large. Judith Thomson’s viewpoint on the issue of abortion is not fully compatible with the unique cultural values of our nation’s culture. In its 240 year history, the majority of American people have been religious. The foremost among religions practiced in the country is Christianity, the doctrine of which